MATH MODULE 1

LESSON 1
WHAT I KNOW

1. Find the greatest common factor of 24, 64, 108.

To find the greatest common factor (GCF) of these numbers, you can factor each number into
its prime factors and then find the common factors:
- 24 = 23 * 3
- 64 = 26
- 108 = 22 * 33
The common factors among these numbers are 22 and 3, so the GCF is 22 * 3 = 12.
Therefore, the answer is C. 12.

2. What is the greatest common factor of the monomials a3b3 and a2b5?
To find the GCF of these monomials, you can take the lowest exponent of each variable:
- The GCF of a3b3 and a2b5 is a2b3.
Therefore, the answer is A. a2b3.

3. What is the greatest common factor of the polynomial 30w3 + 48w + 12w2?
To find the GCF of the terms in this polynomial, you can factor out the common factors from
each term:
- 30w3 = 2w2 * 3 * 5
- 48w = 2w * 2 * 2 * 2 * 3
- 12w2 = 2w2 * 2 * 3
The common factors among these terms are 2 and 3, so the GCF is 2 * 3 = 6.
Therefore, the answer is A. 6w.

4. What is the factored form of 56a3 - 8a?

To factor this polynomial, you can first factor out the greatest common factor, which is 8a:
56a3 - 8a = 8a(7a2 - 1)
Therefore, the answer is A. 8a(7a2 - 1).

5. Complete the factor of 7x2y5 + 56x2y4 = 7x2y4(______).

To factor out the common factor, you can take out 7x2y4 from both terms:
7x2y5 + 56x2y4 = 7x2y4(1 + 8)
Therefore, the answer is D. 1 + 8 = 9.

6. Multiply (25 - 7)(25 + 7).

This is a difference of squares, which can be simplified using the formula: (a - b)(a + b) = a 2 -
b2.
So, in this case:
(25 - 7)(25 + 7) = 252 - 72 = 625 - 49 = 576.
Therefore, the answer is B. 576.

7. Which of the following polynomials can be factored using the difference of two squares
formula?
The difference of two squares formula is: a2 - b2 = (a + b)(a - b).
Among the given options:
- x2 + 16 can be factored as (x + 4)(x - 4).
- 25 - y2 can be factored as (5 + y)(5 - y).
- x3 + 1 and x3 - 27 cannot be factored using the difference of squares formula.
Therefore, the answer is A. x2 + 16 and B. 25 - y2.

8. When factored, the expression 16x2 - 25y2 is equivalent to __.

This is a difference of squares. You can factor it as follows:
16x2 - 25y2 = (4x + 5y)(4x - 5y)
Therefore, the answer is A. (4x + 5y)(4x - 5y).

9. Factor 16x2 - 100.

This is also a difference of squares. You can factor it as follows:
16x2 - 100 = 4(4x2 - 25)
Now, you have another difference of squares inside the parentheses:
4x2 - 25 = (2x + 5)(2x - 5)
So, the complete factorization is:
16x2 - 100 = 4(2x + 5)(2x - 5)
Therefore, the answer is C. 4(2x + 5)(2x - 5).
10. Factor x4 - y4 completely.
 This is a difference of squares, but it's a difference of two squares that can be factored
further. The difference of squares formula is:
a2 - b2 = (a + b)(a - b)
In this case, you have:
x4 - y4 = (x2 + y2)(x2 - y2)

Now, the second part is also a difference of squares:

x2 - y2 = (x + y)(x - y)
So, the complete factorization is:
x4 - y4 = (x2 + y2)(x + y)(x - y)
Therefore, the answer is D. (x2 + y2)(x + y)(x - y).

A. Find the GCF of the following numbers by making a list.

1. 18 and 36
List the factors of 18: 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18
List the factors of 36: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36
The common factors are 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 18. The GCF is 18.

2. 30 and 42
List the factors of 30: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15, 30
List the factors of 42: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 14, 21, 42
The common factors are 1, 2, 3, 6. The GCF is 6.

3. 42 and 49
List the factors of 42: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 14, 21, 42
List the factors of 49: 1, 7, 49
The common factor is 7. The GCF is 7.

4. 16, 40, and 56

List the factors of 16: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16
List the factors of 40: 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 20, 40
List the factors of 56: 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 14, 28, 56
The common factors are 1, 2, 4, 8. The GCF is 8.

5. 42, 49, and 70

List the factors of 42: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 14, 21, 42
List the factors of 49: 1, 7, 49
List the factors of 70: 1, 2, 5, 7, 10, 14, 35, 70
The common factor is 7. The GCF is 7.

B. Find the GCF of the following numbers using prime factorization.

1. 42 and 56
Prime factorization of 42: 2 * 3 * 7
Prime factorization of 56: 2 * 2 * 2 * 7
The common prime factor is 2 and 7. The GCF is 2 * 7 = 14.

2. 37 and 51
Prime factorization of 37: 37 (37 is a prime number)
Prime factorization of 51: 3 * 17
There are no common prime factors other than 1. The GCF is 1.

3. 49 and 77
Prime factorization of 49: 7 * 7
Prime factorization of 77: 7 * 11
The common prime factor is 7. The GCF is 7.

4. 64, 48, and 16

Prime factorization of 64: 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 * 2
Prime factorization of 48: 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 * 3
Prime factorization of 16: 2 * 2 * 2 * 2
The common prime factor is 2. The GCF is 2 * 2 * 2 = 8.

5. 48, 64, and 32

Prime factorization of 48: 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 * 3
Prime factorization of 64: 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 * 2
Prime factorization of 32: 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 * 2
 The common prime factor is 2. The GCF is 2 * 2 * 2 = 8.

C. Identify the factors and the product in each problem.

1. 2(7x2y) = 14x2y
Factors: 2, 7x2y
Product: 14x2y

2. 3a(7a2b3) = 21a3b3
Factors: 3a, 7a2b3
Product: 21a3b3

3. -5b3c2(11c2) = -55b3c4
Factors: -5b3c2, 11c2
Product: -55b3c4

4. 13m3n(3mn) = 39m4n2
Factors: 13m3n, 3mn
Product: 39m4n2

5. -17(-3klm2) = 51klm2
Factors: -17, -3klm
Product: 51klm2

ACTIVITY 1
To find the prime factors of the given polynomials, we need to break down each term into its
prime factors. Let's do this for each polynomial:

Polynomials Factors
1. 30xy
- 30 = 2 * 3 * 5 30xy: 2, 3, 5, x, y
- x (already a prime factor)
- y (already a prime factor)

2. 42ab2
- 42 = 2 * 3 * 7 42ab2: 2, 3, 7, a, b
- a (already a prime factor)
- b2 = b * b (b is already a prime factor)

3. 56a3b4
- 56 = 2 * 2 * 2 * 7 56a3b4: 2, 7, a, b
- a3 = a * a * a (a is already a prime factor)
- b4 = b * b * b * b (b is already a prime factor)

4. 49ab5
- 49 = 7 * 7 49ab5: 7, a, b
- a (already a prime factor)
- b5 = b * b * b * b * b (b is already a prime factor)

5. 70a3b3
- 70 = 2 * 5 * 7 70a3b3: 2, 5, 7, a, b
- a3 = a * a * a (a is already a prime factor)
- b3 = b * b * b (b is already a prime factor)

ACTIVITY 2
To find the greatest common factor (GCF) of the given polynomials, we'll factor each polynomial
and then identify the common factors.

Polynomials GCF
1. 24y and 30xy: 2 * 3 * y = 6y
- 24y = 2 * 2 * 2 * 3 * y
 - 30xy = 2 * 3 * 5 * x * y
The common factors are 2, 3, and y.

2. 42ab3 and 70a2b2: 2 * 7 * a * b2 = 14ab2

- 42ab3 = 2 * 3 * 7 * a * b3
- 70a2b2 = 2 * 5 * 7 * a2 * b2
The common factors are 2, 7, a, and b2.

3. 6x3, 24x2, and 8x: 2x

- 6x3 = 2 * 3 * x3
- 24x2 = 2 * 2 * 2 * 3 * x2
- 8x = 2 * 2 * 2 * x
The common factors are 2 and x.

4. 16a2b2, 40a2b3, and 56a3b4: 2 * a2 * b2 = 2a2b2

- 16a2b2 = 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 * a2 * b2
- 40a2b3 = 2 * 2 * 2 * 5 * a2 * b3
- 56a3b4 = 2 * 2 * 2 * 7 * a3 * b4
The common factors are 2, a2, and b2.

5. 70a3b3, 49ab5, and 42a2b4: 7ab3

- 70a3b3 = 2 * 5 * 7 * a3 * b3
- 49ab5 = 7 * 7 * a * b5
- 42a2b4 = 2 * 3 * 7 * a2 * b4
The common factors are 7, a, and b3.

ACTIVITY 3
To factor each polynomial completely by finding their greatest common factors (GCF),
we will follow these steps:

1. 12x + 8y:
GCF of 12x and 8y is 4.
So, 12x + 8y = 4(3x + 2y)

2. 70x5y3 - 42x8y2:
GCF of 70x5y3 and 42x8y2 is 14x5y2.
So, 70x5y3 - 42x8y2 = 14x5y2(5 - 3x3)

3. 18x2 + 45x:
GCF of 18x2 and 45x is 9x.
So, 18x2 + 45x = 9x(2x + 5)

4. 12x + 15xy + 21x2:

GCF of 12x, 15xy, and 21x2 is 3x.
So, 12x + 15xy + 21x2 = 3x(4 + 5y + 7x)

5. 24a3b2 + 36a2b4 - 60a4b3:

GCF of 24a3b2, 36a2b4, and -60a4b3 is 12a2b2.
So, 24a3b2 + 36a2b4 - 60a4b3 = 12a2b2(2 + 3b2 - 5a2b)

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

Fill in the blanks.

The **Greatest Common Monomial Factor (GCMF)** is the largest monomial that is a factor of
each term of the polynomial. To factor polynomials with GCMF:

1. Find the **GCMF**, the largest monomial that is a factor of each term of the polynomial.
2. Factor it out, then **divide** the polynomial by the factor found in step 1. The **quotient** is
the other factor.
3. Express the polynomial as the **product** of two factors (the GCMF and the quotient).

This process helps simplify and factor polynomials.

WHAT I CAN DO:

The area of a square lot allotted to each clan is

numerically equal to its perimeter. Find the length of
a side of a square lot.

Let's follow the "Understand, Plan, Solve, and Check" approach to solve this problem:

Understand: Plan:
We are given that the area of a 1. Let's denote the length of a side of
square lot is numerically equal to its the square lot as "s" (in units).
perimeter. We need to find the length 2. The area of a square is given by the
of a side of the square lot. formula: Area = s2.
3. The perimeter of a square is given
by the formula: Perimeter = 4s.
We are given that the area is equal to
the perimeter, so we can write the
equation: s2 = 4s

We need to solve this equation for "s"

to find the length of a side of the
square lot.

Solve: Check:
Now, let's solve the equation: s2 = 4s Now, let's check our solution by
Subtract 4s from both sides: s2 - 4s = 0 plugging
Factor the left side: s(s - 4) = 0 it back into the original equation:
Now, we have two possible solutions: s2 = 4s
1. s = 0 (4)2 = 4(4)
2. s - 4 = 0 16 = 16
The first solution, s = 0, doesn't make
sense in this context The equation holds true,
because a square cannot have a side so, our solution of s = 4 is correct.
length of zero.
So, we consider the second solution: Conclusion:
s-4=0 The length of a side of the square lot is
Add 4 to both sides: s = 4 4 units.

ASSESSMENT:

1. Find the greatest common factor of 24, 64, 108. Answer: C. 8

2. What is the product of 3𝑥2𝑦 and 15𝑥𝑦2? Answer: B. 45𝑥2𝑦3

3. What is the GCF of a3b3 and a2b5? Answer: A. a2b3

4. The GCF of 14x7 and 10x4 is __________. Answer: A. 2x4

5. What is the GCF of 30w3 + 48w + 12w2? Answer: A. 6w

6. Factor 2f2 – 6f3. Answer: B. 2f2(1 – 3f)

7. The factored form of 56a3 – 8a is __________. Answer: D. 8a2(56a3 – 8a)

8. Find the GCF of the terms: -a9b5 and -ab4 Answer: B. b4

9. Complete the factors of 7x2y5 + 56x2y4 = 7x2y4( _____ ). Answer: C. y + 8x2

10. Factor the polynomial 16x9y9 – 24x6y7 – 16x3y2. Answer: C. 8xy2(2x6y7 – 3x3y5 – 2)
ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES:

Let's factor the given polynomials using the GCMF (Greatest Common Monomial Factor)
method:

1) 6v2 - 26v + 20:

First, find the GCMF of the terms, which is 2.
Now, factor out 2 from each term: 2(3v2 - 13v + 10)
Next, factor the quadratic expression inside the parentheses: 2(3v2 - 10v - 3v + 10)
Factor by grouping: 2(3v(v - 10) - 1(v - 10))
Factor out the common factor of (v - 10): 2(v - 10)(3v - 1)

2) 4ef2 - 4e2f2 + e3f2:

First, find the GCMF of the terms, which is e2f2.
Now, factor out e2f2 from each term: e2f2(4 - 4e + e2)
Factor the quadratic expression inside the parentheses: e2f2(2 - e)2

3) 12a3 + 9a2 + 15a:

First, find the GCMF of the terms, which is 3a.
Now, factor out 3a from each term: 3a(4a2 + 3a + 5)
The quadratic expression inside the parentheses cannot be factored further, so the result is:
3a(4a2 + 3a + 5)

4) 13b + 26b2 - 39b3:

First, find the GCMF of the terms, which is 13b.
Now, factor out 13b from each term: 13b(1 + 2b - 3b2)
Factor the quadratic expression inside the parentheses: 13b(1 + b(2 - 3b))

5) 18x2y4 - 12x2y3 + 24x2y2:

First, find the GCMF of the terms, which is 6x2y2.
Now, factor out 6x2y2 from each term: 6x2y2(3y2 - 2y + 4)
The quadratic expression inside the parentheses cannot be factored further, so the result is:
6x2y2(3y2 - 2y + 4)

LESSON 2
WHAT’S IN:

A. Square the following numbers:

1. 22 = 4
2. 52 = 25
3. 92 = 81
4. 162 = 256

B. Find the principal root of the numbers:

1. √4 = 2
2. √25 = 5
3. √81 = 9
4. √256 = 16

C. Simplify the following:

1. 52 - 22 = 25 - 4 = 21
2. 162 - 92 = 256 - 81 = 175
3. (9 + 2) (9 - 2) = 11 * 7 = 77
4. (16 + 5)(16 - 5) = 21 * 11 = 231

WHAT’S MORE:
SPLIT ME!

Let's factor the given polynomials completely:

1. a2 - 4: This is a difference of squares, and it factors as (a + 2)(a - 2).

2. 25s2 - t2: This is also a difference of squares, and it factors as (5s + t)(5s - t).
3. 9x2 - 16y2: This is a difference of squares, and it factors as (3x + 4y)(3x - 4y).

4. 16a2b2c2 - 25c4: This is a difference of squares, and it factors as (4abc - 5c2)(4abc + 5c2).

5. 4x2a - 25y4: This is not factorable over the integers.

6. m4 - 1: This is a difference of squares, and it factors as (m2 + 1)(m2 - 1). Further factor the
second part: (m2 + 1)(m + 1)(m - 1).

7. 100 - 16b4: This is also a difference of squares, and it factors as (10 + 4b2)(10 - 4b2). Further
factor the second part: (10 + 4b2)(2 + 2b)(2 - 2b).

8. 36 - (a - b)2: This is a difference of squares, and it factors as (6 + a - b)(6 - a + b).

9. [16 - (a + b)2]: This is also a difference of squares, and it factors as (4 - a - b)(4 + a + b).

10. (m - n)2 - (m + n)2: This can be factored as [(m - n) - (m + n)][(m - n) + (m + n)].

Simplify it to get (-2n)(2m) = -4mn.

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED?

To factor the difference of two squares, follow these steps:

1. Identify the expression as a difference of squares. A difference of squares has the form "a2 -
b2," where both "a" and "b" are terms with square roots.

2. Write the expression as the product of two binomials. Use the square root of the first term as
the first term of each binomial and the square root of the second term as the second term of
each binomial.

3. Apply the pattern (a + b)(a - b) to factor the expression. This pattern represents the difference
of squares.

4. Simplify the binomials as needed.

WHAT I CAN DO
Solve the problem using the adjoining UPS Check chart below.

Understand: Plan:
Let's denote the side length of the
We are given that there are two smaller square facade as "x" meters (in
square facades in the shoe exhibit, meters). According to the problem, the
and the area of both facades side length of the larger square facade
combined is 20 square meters. is twice as long as the side length of
Additionally, we are told that one the smaller one, so it is "2x" meters.
square facade has sides that are
twice as long as the sides of the The area of a square is given by the
other square facade. We need to formula: Area = side length2.
find the lengths of the sides of both
square facades. The combined area of both facades is
20 square meters. Therefore, we can
set up the following equation:

Area of smaller facade + Area of larger

facade = 20

Now, calculate the areas using the side

lengths "x" and "2x": x2 + (2x)2 = 20

Solve: Check:
Let's solve the equation: x2 + 4x2 = 20 To check our solution, we can calculate
Combine like terms: 5x2 = 20 the areas of both facades and confirm
Divide both sides by 5 to isolate x2: that their combined area is indeed 20
x2 = 4 square meters.
Take the square root of both sides to
find "x": x = 2 Area of smaller facade = (2 meters)2 = 4
square meters
Now that we know the side length of Area of larger facade = (4 meters)2 = 16
the smaller square facade (x = 2), we square meters
can find the side length of the larger
square facade: The combined area is 4 square meters
+ 16 square meters = 20 square meters.
Side length of larger facade =
2x = 2 * 2 = 4 meters The areas match the given information,
so our solution is correct.

Conclusion:
The side length of the smaller square
facade is 2 meters, and the side length
of the larger square facade is 4 meters.

ASSESSMENT:

1. Multiply (25 – 7) (25 + 7). Answer: A. 625

2. Expand: (x + 3) (x – 3). Answer: A. 𝑥2 - 9

3. Which of the following polynomials can be factored using the difference of two squares
formula? Answer: B. 25 – y2

4. Which expression is equivalent to 9x2 – 16? Answer: A. (3x + 4)(3x - 4)

5. When factored, the expression 16x2 – 25y2 is equivalent to: Answer: A. (4x – 5y) (4x + 5y)

6. The factored form of 36 – x6 is: Answer: C. (6 – x3) (6 + x3)

7. Factoring 16x2 – 100 gives: Answer: C. 4(2x – 5) (2x + 5)

8. Which of the following expressions is not a factor of 16x4 – 81y4? Answer: D. 4x2 - 9y2
9. Factor x4 – y4 completely. Answer: B. (x2 – y2) (x2 + y2)

10. Let M = (2x – 7)(2x + 7), and let N = 4x2 – 49. If x = 3, which statement is true about M and N?
Answer: C. M = N

ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES:

Let's factor the given polynomials completely:

1. 𝑥4 - 1:
This is a difference of squares, and it can be factored as (x2 - 1)(x2 + 1).

2. 7𝑥5 - 7𝑥:
Factor out 7𝑥 from both terms: 7𝑥(𝑥4 - 1).
Then, factor 𝑥4 - 1 as in the previous question: 7𝑥(x2 - 1)(x2 + 1).

3. 2y - 2yz2:
Factor out 2y: 2y(1 - z2).
Further factor 1 - z2 as a difference of squares: 2y(1 - z)(1 + z).

4. 4c4 - 4c2:
Factor out 4c2: 4c2(c2 - 1).
Further factor c2 - 1 as a difference of squares: 4c2(c - 1)(c + 1).

5. -98 + 2a2:
Factor out 2 from both terms: 2(-49 + a2).
Factor -49 + a2 as a difference of squares: 2(a - 7)(a + 7).

These are the completely factored forms of the given polynomials.

SUMMATIVE TEST:

1. Which is the product of 3𝑥²𝑦 and 15𝑥𝑦²?

Answer: B. 45𝑥²𝑦³

2. The GCF of 14x⁷ and 10x⁴ is ______.

Answer: A. 2x⁴

3. Factor 2f² - 6f³.

Answer: A. 2f² (f - 3f²)

4. Find the GCF of -a⁹b⁵ and -ab⁴.

Answer: C. ab⁴

5. Factor the polynomial 16x⁹y⁹ - 24x⁶y⁷ - 16x³y².

Answer: B. No common factor except 1

6. Expand: (x + 3)(x - 3).

Answer: A. x² - 9

7. Which expression is equivalent to 9x² - 16?

Answer: A. (3x + 4)(3x - 4)

8. The factored form of 36 - x⁶ is _______.

Answer: C. (6 - x³)(6 + x³)

9. Which of the following expressions is not a factor of 16x⁴ - 81y⁴?

Answer: D. 4x² - 9y²

10. Let M = (2x - 7)(2x + 7), and N = 4x² - 49. If x = 3, which statement is true about M and N?
Answer: C. M = N