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A Presentation On Circuit Breaker: by Priyankar Misra EEE Vitam

The document discusses circuit breakers, which automatically interrupt electric current to prevent overloads and short circuits from damaging wiring and equipment. It describes how circuit breakers work, the different types including low voltage, magnetic, thermal magnetic, common trip, medium voltage, high voltage, sulfur hexafluoride, disconnecting, and carbon dioxide circuit breakers. The presentation covers the origin, operation, arc interruption methods, short circuit currents, advantages of providing better protection and reliability than fuses, and disadvantages of higher initial costs and slower reaction times than fuses.

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umamaheshwarrao
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48 views19 pages

A Presentation On Circuit Breaker: by Priyankar Misra EEE Vitam

The document discusses circuit breakers, which automatically interrupt electric current to prevent overloads and short circuits from damaging wiring and equipment. It describes how circuit breakers work, the different types including low voltage, magnetic, thermal magnetic, common trip, medium voltage, high voltage, sulfur hexafluoride, disconnecting, and carbon dioxide circuit breakers. The presentation covers the origin, operation, arc interruption methods, short circuit currents, advantages of providing better protection and reliability than fuses, and disadvantages of higher initial costs and slower reaction times than fuses.

Uploaded by

umamaheshwarrao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A presentation on Circuit Breaker

By
Priyankar Misra
EEE
VITAM
Introduction
Automatically operated electrical switch,
protect an electrical switch from overload or
short circuit
Basic function-fault detection and interrupt
current flow
Can be reset to resume application
Available in a variety of size
Origin
Early form, developed by Thomas Edison in
1879 patent application-to protect lighting
circuit wiring from accidental short circuit
Modern miniature circuit breaker ,patented by
Brown, Boveri and Cie in 1924.
Operation
A fault condition must be detected
Once fault detected, contacts within circuit
breaker, some mechanical stored energy
stored in the circuit breaker and some energy
utilized from the fault current.
Circuit breaker contacts carry the load current
without getting heated
Arc in generated, which is controlled and
extinguished in a controlled way

Arc interruption
Low voltage MCB-air, larger ratings metallic
or non metallic arc clutches
Gas circuit breakers-dielectric strength of
sulphur hexafluoride
Vacuum circuit breakers-minimal arching
Air circuit breakers-compressed air
Short circuit current
Circuit breakers-rated-normal current they can
carry and maximum short circuit current they
can safely carry
Under short circuit conditions-current much
larger then normal currents flow-electrical
contacts open to interrupt large current arc is
produced
Types of circuit breakers
Low voltage circuit breakers
Magnetic circuit breakers
Thermal magnetic circuit breakers
Common trip breakers
Medium voltage circuit breakers
Sulfur hexafluoride high voltage circuit breakers
Disconnecting circuit breakers
Carbon dioxide high voltage circuit breakers
Low voltage circuit breakers
Common in domestic,
industrial and commercial
applications-include
MCB(type B, type C and
type D) and MCCB.
Characteristics given by
international standards-
often installed in draw
out enclosures-also made
for DC applications
Magnetic circuit breakers
Magnetic circuit breakers-
solenoid-pulling action
increases the current
when current increases
beyond rated-solenoids pull
releases the latch-contacts
open by spring action
Some magnetic circuit
breakers-incorporate a
hydraulic time delay-during
overload fluid restricts
solenoid motion-permitting
short current surges
Thermal magnetic circuit breakers
Mostly found in
distribution boards-use
both techniques
electromagnet
responding
instantaneously to large
surges in current,
bimetallic strip
responding to less
extreme but longer term
over current conditions
Common Trip breakers
Supplying a branch circuit-
more than one live
conductors-when one pole
trips all live conductors must
be interrupted.
Either contain two or three
tripping mechanism-two pole
common trip breakers are
common on 120/240 volt
system, three pole common
trip breakers are used to
supply three phase electric
supply to large machines
Two or four pole breakers may
be used-to disconnect multiple
phase ac or neutral wire
Medium voltage circuit breakers
Rated between 1-72 KV,
operated by current
sensing protective relays
operated through current
transformer.
Classified according to the
medium used to
extinguish the arc-
vacuum circuit breakers,
air circuit breakers and
sculpture hexafluoride
circuit breakers
High voltage circuit breakers
Protect and control electrical
power transmission-usually
72.5 KV or higher-mostly
solenoid operated with
current sensing relays
operated through current
transformers
Broadly classified according to
the medium used to
extinguish the arc-bilk oil,
minimum oil, air blast,
vacuum, sulphur
hexafluoride, carbon dioxide

Sulphur hexafluoride high voltage
circuit breakers
Uses contacts surrounded
by sulphur hexafluoride
to quench the arc, often
used for transmission
level voltages and may be
incorporated into
compact gas-insulated
switchgear
In cold climate
supplemental heating or
de rating of the circuit
breakers may be required
Disconnecting circuit breakers
High voltage circuit
breaker, modeled after
sulphur hexafluoride
circuit breaker
Disconnecting function
integrated in the breaking
chamber, increases the
availability, reduces the
space requirement within
the substation, increases
the reliability.
Carbon dioxide high voltage circuit
breakers
Works on the same
principle as sulphur
hexafluoride circuit
breaker, can also be
produced as a
disconnecting circuit
breakers, high voltage
breaker
Possible to reduce nearly
10 tons of carbon dioxide
emissions during the
products life time
Advantages of circuit breaker
Disconnect the entire load instead of a single
load
Provide better protection to 3 phase motors
Less cost
Provides greater reliability and safety
Cost of ownership

Disadvantages of circuit breakers
Initial cost is high
Reacts less quicker than a fuse
More sensitive to vibration and movement
Conclusion
Circuit breaker is an essential part of electrical
network as it protects every device from
electrical damage
Helps us to detect the fault and the area
associated with it
Nowadays vacuum and sulphur hexaflouride
circuit breakers are widely used due to their
reliable and fast operations

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