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Tollen's Test

The Tollen's test is used to determine if a compound is an aldehyde or ketone. A silver precipitate known as a "silver mirror" indicates the presence of an aldehyde. Tollen's reagent, usually ammoniacal silver nitrate, reacts with aldehydes to produce elemental silver. In an experiment using various sugars, all sugars except sucrose tested positive for Tollen's test, as sucrose lacks a free aldehyde group due to its glycosidic linkage between glucose and fructose. However, the sucrose sample used showed a positive result due to its high fructose concentration.

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1K views12 pages

Tollen's Test

The Tollen's test is used to determine if a compound is an aldehyde or ketone. A silver precipitate known as a "silver mirror" indicates the presence of an aldehyde. Tollen's reagent, usually ammoniacal silver nitrate, reacts with aldehydes to produce elemental silver. In an experiment using various sugars, all sugars except sucrose tested positive for Tollen's test, as sucrose lacks a free aldehyde group due to its glycosidic linkage between glucose and fructose. However, the sucrose sample used showed a positive result due to its high fructose concentration.

Uploaded by

Aishwarya Bharath
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GROUP NO 3

*
*
*The Tollens test is used to determine whether
a particular compound is a ketone or an
aldehyde.
*A positive result of the Tollens test would
indicate the presence of aldehydes.
* This would result into the presence of a silver
precipitate, normally referred to as 'silver
mirror'.
*
*Tollens reagent is a chemical reagent most
commonly used to determine whether a known
carbonyl-containing compound is an aldehyde or
a ketone.
* It is usually ammoniacal silver nitrate, but can
also be other mixtures, as long as aqueous di-
amminesilver(I)complex is present.
*It was named after its discoverer, the German
chemist Bernhard Tollens.
*
*A positive test with Tollens' reagent results in
elemental silver precipitating out of solution,
occasionally onto the inner surface of the
reaction vessel.
* It produces a characteristic and memorable
"silver mirror" on the inner vessel surface.
*Aldehydes will be positive in Tollen's test and a
mirror-like material will be formed.
*
* Procedure Place 1 ml of different sugars in 6
test tubes.
*Glucose; Fructose; Sucrose; Galactose; Maltose;
Lactose.
*Add 5 ml of ammoniacal solution of silver
nitrate.
*Heat in a boiling water bath for 5 minutes.
*Observe what is formed in the sides of the test
tubes.
*
*



*Normally, all of the sugars give positive test for
Tollens except for sucrose.
*All the other sugars are reducing sugars,
since they have a free aldehyde group to act as
their functional group.

*
*Sucrose does not give positive for Tollens test.
*Sucrose is a disaccharide made of glucose and
fructose linked via an ether bond between C1
on the glucosyl subunit and C2 on the fructosyl
unit.
#C1 Carbon with aldehyde group
#C2 Carbon with ketone group
*This bond is called a glycosidic linkage.
*Therefore sucrose does not have a free
aldehyde or ketone functional group.


*
Glycosidic Linkage


*Since the fructose concentration was high in
the sucrose preparation, the sucrose sample
also showed positive for tollens test, in this
particular experiment.
*

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