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The Normal CURVE

This document discusses the normal distribution and its key properties. It provides examples of how to calculate areas and probabilities for both the standard normal distribution and non-standard normal distributions using z-scores. The normal distribution is symmetric and bell-shaped, with the mean, median and mode equal. The standard normal distribution has a mean of 0 and standard deviation of 1. Converting raw scores to z-scores allows calculation of probabilities and areas under the normal curve.

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Melvin Ramos
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541 views8 pages

The Normal CURVE

This document discusses the normal distribution and its key properties. It provides examples of how to calculate areas and probabilities for both the standard normal distribution and non-standard normal distributions using z-scores. The normal distribution is symmetric and bell-shaped, with the mean, median and mode equal. The standard normal distribution has a mean of 0 and standard deviation of 1. Converting raw scores to z-scores allows calculation of probabilities and areas under the normal curve.

Uploaded by

Melvin Ramos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

The Standard Normal Distribution


(z-scores)
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
= 25
= 8
The Normal Curve
(raw scores)
-3 -2 -1 +1 +2 +3
The Non-Standard Normal Distribution
(raw scores)
=100
= 15
=100
= 8
75 100 125
Definition :
The standard normal distribution is a normal probability
distribution that has a mean of 0 and standard deviation of 1

PROPERTIES OF THE NORMAL CURVE



1. The mean, median and mode are equal.

2. The curve is symmetric about the mean.

3. The right and left tail are asymptotic to
the horizontal line /x-axis.

4. The area under the normal curve
is equal to 1 or 100%.

X score
Normal Distribution
Curve is
Symmetric
0.5
0.5

The Standard Normal Distribution


95 %
99.7 %
65%
(z-scores)

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
.0215 .1359 .3413 .3413 .1359 .0215
95 1. z
Example
Find the area under the normal curve if z = 1.95.
0 1.95
Z-scores
Solution
A = . 4744 = 44.%
Example
Find the area under the normal curve if .
Z-scores
- 1.95 0
Solution
The solution is left to the students as an exercise.
Example 2
Solution
Find the area when z = 2.43
Step 1 Draw the required area.
Step 2 Get the area from the table
A = 0.4925
Example 1
Solution
Find the area between z= 0 and z= -2.43
Step 1 Draw the required area.
Step 2 Get the area from the table
A = 0.4925 = 49.25 %

Example 3
Solution
Find the area when z < -2.33
Step 1 Draw the required area.
Step 2 Get the area from the table
A = .0099 = 0.99 %
Example 4
Solution
Find the area between z= 1.00 and z= 2.00
Step 1 Draw the required area.
Step 2 Get the area from the table
A = A(2.00) - A(1.00)
= .4772 - .3413
= .1359
= 13.59 %
C
o
0
0 1.58
Z-scores
A manufacturer of scientific instruments produces thermometers that are supposed to give readings
at the freezing point of water. Tests on a large sample of these instruments reveal that some readings are too low
( denoted by negative numbers ) and some readings are too high ( denoted by positive numbers). Assume that the
mean readings is 0
o
C while the standard deviation of the readings is 1.00
0
C. Also assume that the frequency
distribution resembles the normal distribution. If one thermometer is randomly selected, find the probability that,
at the freezing level of water, the reading is between 0
o
C to +1.58
0.

The area required is between z = 0 and z = 1.58 or
P ( 0 < z < 1.58).

A = 0.4429 or 44.29 %
Example
Solution
Example
Solution
Find the probability that the chosen thermometer has a reading (at freezing point of water) greater that
+1.27.
The area required is greater than or beyond z = +2.27 or
P( z > 2.27).


0 2.27
Z-scores
A = .3980
A= .5000 - .3980

= 0.1020 or 10.20 %
WHERE:
X = A raw score
= The population mean
= The population standard deviation
HOW TO STANDARDIZED A NON-STANDARD NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

Examples:
a. The area equal to z= 1.5.
b. The area to the right of z= 1.5
c. The area to the left of z = 1.5.
d. The probability of z greater than or equal to -1.5
e. The area between z = -1.5 and z = 2.75.

1. Verbal Notations
Formula : To Change a Raw Score To Z-score

U X
Z

Notations for Problems of Areas Under the Normal Curve


Examples:
a. P ( z= 1.5) d. P ( z > 1.5)
b. P ( z < -1.5 ) e. P ( -1.5 < z < 2.7
c. P ( x = 35 ) when = 50 & = 5) f. P( x > 63) when mean is 55 & sd is 10

2. Probability Notations
Solution
z
Solution
3 6
5 161 0 159
.
. .

Example
100 130
X scores
Non-standard Normal Distribution
= 100
= 15
Standardized Normal Distribution
0 2.00
Z-scores
15
100 130


x
= 2.00
If IQ scores are normally distributed with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15, find the probability
of randomly selecting a subject with an IQ between 100 and 133 .
I. Standardized the data using the formula z =


Z =
15
100 133
= 2.,20
A = 0.4861
II. P ( 100 < X < 133 ) = P (0 < z < 2.20 ) = 0.4861 = 48.61 %
Example
A car designer needs to know the percentage or probability of women who would not fit comfortably to the
drivers seat of a car. In the present car design , women are uncomfortable if they are shorter than 159.0 cm. A study
revealed that womens height are normally distributed with a mean 161.5 cm. and a standard deviation of 6.3cm.
Will the car designer reconsider their car design to make it comfortable to women who are less than 159.0 cm. tall?
1. Z= = - 0. 40
A = .5000 - .1554 = 0.3446 or 34.46 %
2. P ( x < 159 ) = P ( z = - 0. 40 ) = .1554
- 0.40 0
Z-scores
0 2.20
Z-scores

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