King Fahd University of Petroleum &

Minerals
Mechanical Engineering
Dynamics ME 201
BY
Dr. Meyassar N. Al-Haddad
Lecture # 22

Principle of Linear Impulse and

Momentum
mv1

t2

Fdt

mv 2

t1

Initial momentum

Sum of all Impulse

Final momentum

m1 F t mg t N c t N c t m 2

Conservation of Linear Momentum for a system

of Particles
0
t2

m (v ) F dt m (v )
i

i 1

t1

m (v )
i

i 1

mi ( v i ) 2

Conservation of linear momentum equation

Impulse & Average Force

t2

m (v ) F dt m (v )
i

i 1

t1

Impulse

Rdt F

avg

Impact
Impact occurs when two bodies collide with
each other during a very short period of time.
Types of impact:
Central impact
Oblique impact
Line of impact
Plane of impact

Coefficient of restitution e
Coefficient of restitution e is defined as the ratio of the restitution impulse
.to the deformation impulse

Rdt

e
Pdt

Coefficient of restitution e is defined as the ratio of relative velocity after impact

to the relative velocity before impact

( B ) 2 ( A ) 2
e
( A )1 ( B )1
, Coefficient of restitution e is according to the impact velocity, material
, size and shape of the colliding body
Coefficient of restitution e: range between 0-1
Coefficient of restitution e: is defined along the line of impact only
Elastic impact e = 1 (re-bounce with same velocity)
Plastic impact e = 0 (couple or stick together and move with common velocity)

Procedure for Analysis

Identify the intial velocity you may use

T1+ V1 = T2+ V2
Apply the conservation of momentum
along the line of impact, you will get one
equation with two unknown velocity

m m
1

Use the coefficient of restitution to obtain

a second equation

( B ) 2 ( A ) 2
e
( A )1 ( B )1

Solve both equation for final velocities

after the impact

Oblique Impact
Central Impact : one Dimension
Oblique Impact : Two Dimension

Four unknowns ( A ) 2

, ( B ) 2 , 2 , 2

Procedure for Analysis

Establish x-axis as line of impact
Establish y-axis as plane of impact
Resolve the velocity components
along x, and y as

( Ax )1 , ( Ay )1 , ( Bx )1 , and ( By )1

Apply the conservation of momentum along the line of impact

x 1

m x

Use the coefficient of restitution to obtain a second equation

( B x ) 2 ( A x ) 2
e
( A x )1 ( B x )1

Solve both equation for final velocities along x-axis after the impact
The momentum is conserved along the plane of impact; so

( Ay )1 ( Ay ) 2
( By )1 ( By ) 2

Procedure for Analysis

( Ax )1 , ( Ay )1 , ( Bx )1 , and ( By )1
Along the line of the impact only

m x 1 m x

( B x ) 2 ( A x ) 2
( A x )1 ( B x )1

Along the Plane of the impact only

( Ay )1 ( Ay ) 2
( By )1 ( By ) 2

(v A ) 2 ( Ax 2 ) 2 ( Ay 2 ) 2
(vB ) 2 ( Bx 2 ) 2 ( By 2 ) 2

Ay 2
tan
Ax 2

1 By 2
tan
Bx 2
1

ANGULAR MOMENTUM
For a point object the angular momentum is
( H o ) (r )(mv)
Units - kg.m2/s or sl.ft2/s
It is a vector.
Here the vector is pointing toward you.
Using right-hand rule

v
m
r

Angular Impulse and Momentum Principles

(H

0 1

t2

t1

M 0 dt

(H

0 2

t2

r m v1 M dt r F dt r m v2
t1

Angular impulse M 0 dt
t2

t1

t2

t1

r F dt

Conservation of Angular Momentum

(H 0 )1 (H 0 ) 2

r1 m v1 r2 mv2

Example 15-3
W=50 Ib
P=(20t) Ib
=?v2
.t=2 sec
v1=3 ft/s
k=0.3
t2

m( x )1 Fx dt m( x ) 2
2

t1

50
50
(3) 20t 0.3 N c (2) (50 sin 30o )(2)
2
32.2
32.2
0
4.66 40 0.6 N c 50 1.55 2

N c 50 cos 30 o Ib 0
N c 43.3 Ib

2 44.2 ft / s

Example 15-3
From rest
=? vB
.t=6 sec
Block A
t2

m( A )1 Fy dt m( A ) 2
t1

0 2T (6 s ) 3(9.81)(6 s ) (3kg )( A ) 2
Block B

t2

m( B )1 Fy dt m( B ) 2
t1

0 5(9.81)(6 s ) T (6 s ) (5kg )( B ) 2

2S A S B l
2 A B

( B ) 2 35.8 m / s
TB 19.2 N

Problem
m=12 Mg
Fy=150 kN
=?V
=?h
t=6 s
Start from rest

t2

m( y )1 Fy dt m( y ) 2
t1

0 150(103 )(6) 12(103 )(9.81)(6) 12(103 ) 2

2 16.1 m / s

v v0 ac t

16.1 0 a(6)
a 2.69 m / s 2

1 2
s s0 v0t 2 act
1
s 0 0 (2.69)(6) 2
2
s 48.4 m

Example 15-4

mA=15 Mg
mB=12 Mg
Couple together
V2=? After coupling
Favg = ? In 0.8 s

m A ( A )1 mB ( B )1 (m A mB ) 2

(15000)(1.5) (12000)(0.75) (27000) 2

2 0.5 m / s

() m ( p )1 Favg (t ) m ( p ) 2
(15000)(1.5) Favg (0.8) (15000)(0.5)

Favg 18.8 kN

Example 15-5
mC =1200-Ib
mp = 8-Ib
vp=1500ft/s
.t = 0.03 s
= ?vc2
= ?Favg

() mc ( c )1 m p ( p )1 mc ( c ) 2 m p ( p ) 2
00

1200
8
(c ) 2
(1500)
32.2
32.2

( c ) 2 10 ft / s

() m ( p )1 Favg (t ) m ( p ) 2
0 Favg (0.03)

8
(1500)
32.2

Favg 12400 Ib

Favg

Example 15-7
mp = 800 kg
mH = 300 kg
From rest
= ?Impulse
Couple together

T 1 V 1 T 2 V 2

1
1
2
2
mH ( H ) 0 WH y0 mH ( H )1 WH y1
2
2

( H )1 3.13 m / s

( ) mH ( H )1 m p ( p )1 (mH m p ) 2
(300)(3.13) 0 (300 800) 2

2 0.854 m / s

t2

Impulse

Fy dt R dt Favg t
t1

(300)(3.13) R dt (300)(0.854)
=Impulse

R dt 683

N .s

Example 15-9
W 6 Ib
from rest to 90o
mB 18 Ib
e 0.5
(v A ) 2 ?

(v B ) 2 ?

loss of energy ?

(vB )1 0

(v A )1 ?

Conservation of Energy
T0 V0 T1 V1
1 6
2
(v A )1 6 3
2 32.2
(v A )1 13.9 ft / s
00

Conservation of Momentum
m A (v A )1 mB (vB )1 m A (v A ) 2 mB (vB ) 2
6
6
18
13.9 0
(v A ) 2
(v B ) 2
32.2
32.2
32.2
(v A ) 2 13.9 3(vB ) 2 (1)

Coefficient of Restitution
(v ) (v A ) 2 ( v B ) 2 (v A ) 2
e B 2

0.5
(v A )1 (vB )1
13.9 0
(v A ) 2 (vB ) 2 6.95

(2)

(v A ) 2 1.74 ft / s

(vB ) 2 5.21 ft / s

Loss of Energy

12

T2 T1

1 6
1 18
1 6
5.2 2
1.74 2
13.9 2
2 32.2
2 32.2
2 32.2
10.1 ft lb
Restitution impulse Deformation impulse

Rdt

Pdt

Example 15-11

m A 1 kg

mB 2 kg

e 0.75
(v Ax )1 3 cos 30 2.60 m / s
(v Ay )1 3 sin 30 1.50 m / s
(vBx )1 1 cos 45 0.707 m / s
(vBy )1 1 sin 45 0.707 m / s
Momentum of the system is conserved along the line of input
m A (v Ax )1 mB (vBx )1 m A (v Ax ) 2 mB (vBx ) 2
2.6 2 (0.707) (v Ax ) 2 2 (vBx ) 2
(v Ax ) 2 2 (vBx ) 2 1.18

(1)

Coefficient of Restitution
e

(vBx ) 2 (v Ax ) 2
(v Bx ) 2 (v Ax ) 2
0.75
(v Ax )1 (vBx )1
2.601 ( 0.707)

(vBx ) 2 (v Ax ) 2 2.48
(v A ) x 1.26 m / s

( 2)
(vB ) x 1.22 m / s

Momentum of particle A,B is conserved along the y axis, since no

impulse acts on particle A,B

m A (v Ay )1 m A (v Ay ) 2

(v Ay ) 2 1.5 m / s

mB (vBy )1 mB (vBy ) 2

(vBy ) 2 0.707 m / s

(v A ) 2 1.26 2 1.52 1.96 m / s

(vB ) 2 0.707 2 1.22 2 1.41 m / s
1.5
50
1.26
1 0.707
tan
30.1
1.22

tan 1

Example 15-13
M 3 t ( N m)
m 5kg
t 4 sec
v ?
smooth horizontal
Principle of Angular Impulse & Momentum
( H z )1 M z dt ( H z ) 2
t2

t1

t2

r m v1 M dt rBA P dt r m v2
t1

0 3t dt (0.4m)(10 N )(4 s ) 0.4(5)v2

0

1 2
4
3t 0.4 P t 0 0.4 5 v2
2
0
24 16 2 v2
v2 20 (m / s )

Problem
m = 400 g
v1= 2 m/s
M = 0.6 N.m
=?v2
t=3s
( H o )1 M o dt ( H o ) 2

2[0.3(0.4)(2)] 0.6(3) 2[0.3(0.4)v2 ]

v2 9.50 m / s