Scribd
Upload
530 views29 pages

Chapter 2 Geometric Construction New - ppt1

The document discusses various techniques for geometrical construction in engineering drawings, including: 1) Bisecting a line to divide it into two equal parts, dividing a line into a given number of equal parts, and constructing a perpendicular line from the end of another line. 2) Constructing angles of 60, 120 degrees and using a scale of chords to construct other angles. 3) Bisecting an angle, drawing triangles given side lengths or ratios, and constructing triangles given other properties. 4) Drawing circles inside or outside triangles, constructing regular polygons, and using different types of scales including ordinary and diagonal scales.

Uploaded by

NSBMR
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
530 views29 pages

Chapter 2 Geometric Construction New - ppt1

The document discusses various techniques for geometrical construction in engineering drawings, including: 1) Bisecting a line to divide it into two equal parts, dividing a line into a given number of equal parts, and constructing a perpendicular line from the end of another line. 2) Constructing angles of 60, 120 degrees and using a scale of chords to construct other angles. 3) Bisecting an angle, drawing triangles given side lengths or ratios, and constructing triangles given other properties. 4) Drawing circles inside or outside triangles, constructing regular polygons, and using different types of scales including ordinary and diagonal scales.

Uploaded by

NSBMR
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 29

GEOMETRICAL CONSTRUCTION

Objectives
Upon completion of this lesson, the student will be able to: Identify and understand the techniques and method of drawing
geometrical drawings: Lines and angle construction
Identify the problems in geometrical construction and ways to solve
it
Understand the definition of scales and its uses in working drawing
Understand different types scale and apply it in engineering
drawing.

BISECTING A LINE
C
R

D
OA = OB

DIVIDING A LINE INTO EQUAL PARTS


Example: 7 Equal parts

A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

CONSTRUCTING A PERPENDICULAR FROM THE END OF A


LINE

r
900
A

CONSTRUCTING A 600 AND 1200 ANGLE

R
1200

R
600
R

USING THE SCALE OF CHORD TO CONSTRUCT AN ANGLE


Example : 400
C

A-400

A-B
A

400

B600

400

900

6
9

BISECTING AN ANGLE

B
R
A
C

DRAWING A TRIANGLE WITH THE SIDES GIVEN

A
B
C

CONSTRUCT A TRIANGLE WITH THE PRIMETER AND THE SIDE


RATIO GIVEN
Example : Ratio 3: 4: 6
(For this example draw the smallest ratio as it base)

B
C

4
AB = primeter of the
triangle

3
6

A TRIANGLE GIVEN THE BASE AB, THE RATIO OF THE


TWO OTHER SIDES (e.g 5:3 and the apex angle 600)

R= AP
C

P
5

600

900 - 600
300 M

R=MQ

B Q

Given
3
8-3

6
3

DRAWING A CIRCLE INSIDE A TRIANGLE

B
O is center of circle
* The circle touches the sides of triangle

DRAWING A CIRCLE OUTSIDE A TRIANGLE


A

O
C
B

O is center of circle
* The circle touches the edge of the triangle

CONSTRUCT A TRIANGLE WITH THE BASE, HEIGHT AND


VERTEX GIVEN

O
Given
vertex
angle

D
Height of the
triangle

AB is the base of the


triangle
BAC is the same as
vertex angle
C

Types of regular polygons


Some types of regular polygons are pentagon (five sides), hexagon
(six sides), heptagon (seven sides), octagon (eight sides), nonagon
(nine sides), decagon (ten sides) and dodecagon (twelve sides).

DRAWING A REGULAR HEPTAGON WITH AN INSCRIBED CIRCLE GIVEN


Q
F

R = AP

R = PA

P
2
D
7

B
AB=BC=CD=DE=EF=FG=GA

DRAWING A REGULAR HEPTAGON WITH THE SIDE GIVEN


E
F
D
R=7- A
7
G

6
C

4
45o 600
A

Distance 6-7 = 5-6

Given
BC=AB =CD =DE =EF =FG= given the side length

SCALES

Scales are drawing instrument design to help draughtmens. Two types


of scales are:
(i) Ordinary scales
(ii) Diagonal scales

A Triangular Section Scale Rule

A Flat Section Scale Rule

Scale 1:1

Scale Rule: 1:5 and 1:25 Ratio

ORDINARY SCALES
Ordinary scales is used for easy scale that is
the scale have not many small divisions.
When constructing any scale, the main point
to remember is the total length of the
scale.The length of the scale should be a bit
longer than the largest dimension of the
drawings.

Equivalent Part (EP) or Substitude Part (SP)


Equivalent Part shows the direct ratio between a line in the drawing and the actual
size. The ratio of the top and bottom number of a part is the ratio size drawn from its
actual size.
Equivalent part means the actual size of an object is 4 times the size of the
drawing object.
If a scale is given as 1 mm = 1 cm, so E.P is
1 mm = 1 mm = 1
1 cm
10 mm 10
If a scale is given as 1 = 1, so E.P is
If a scale is given as 1 cm = 1 m,
so E.P i 1 cm = 1
1m
100

1
1

1
12

The largest actual dimension is 60 cm.The scale to be used is 2 cm = 10 cm (EP =


1/5), so the scale length is 1/5 x 60 = 12 cm. A line 12 cm is drawn. 12 cm is divided
into 6 equal parts with each division is equal 10 cm. The first division on 10 cm is
divided into 10 division, each division is 1 cm. This division is marked cearly to show
the length of each division.
34 cm

Ordinary scale 2 cm = 10 cm (EP = 1/5)

Construction ordinary scale, 1 = 1, length 6, can be read up to 1


Scale length
= 72 x (1/12) = 6
First Division
: 6 Division 1
Second Division : 12
Division 1

2 3

Ordinary scale 1 = 1 (E.P. 1/12)

Constructing ordinary scale, 3 cm = 1 cm, length 5 cm, can be read up to 1 mm


Scale length
= 5 x (3/1) cm = 15 cm
First division
: 5
Division 1 cm
Second Division :
10 Division 1 mm
mm
9

0
5

1cm

2 cm

Ordinary scale 3 cm = 1 cm (E.P. 3/1)

3 cm

4 cm

DIAGONAL SCALE
Numbers of division that can be made to ordinary
scales have a limit. Try to divide one centimeter to 50
equal length; you will see it is hard to do it. Diagonal
scale can overcome the problems of dividing it into
very small parts.

Diagonal Scale 1 cm = 1 cm, can be read up to 0.01


cm (0.1 m)

Constructing a diagonal scale, 3 cm = 1 m, length 4 m, can be read in cm


Scale length:
400 x ( 3/100) cm = 12 cm
First division:
4 Division 1 m
Second division:
10 Division 10 cm
Third Division:
10 Division 1 cm
2.05 m
1.37 m
0

cm
10

1
90

10
cm

3m

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy