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Geankoplis ch02

This chapter discusses principles of momentum transfer and overall balances. It includes over 30 figures illustrating concepts like pressure in static fluids, manometers for measuring pressure differences, molecular transport of properties, fluid shear, Reynolds experiment distinguishing laminar and turbulent flow, mass balances on flow systems, process flow diagrams, momentum balances on nozzle and pipe flows, and friction factors for pipe flows. The chapter focuses on fundamental engineering principles for transport processes and separation.

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Amit Yadav
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
966 views35 pages

Geankoplis ch02

This chapter discusses principles of momentum transfer and overall balances. It includes over 30 figures illustrating concepts like pressure in static fluids, manometers for measuring pressure differences, molecular transport of properties, fluid shear, Reynolds experiment distinguishing laminar and turbulent flow, mass balances on flow systems, process flow diagrams, momentum balances on nozzle and pipe flows, and friction factors for pipe flows. The chapter focuses on fundamental engineering principles for transport processes and separation.

Uploaded by

Amit Yadav
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 35

Chapter 2: Principles of Momentum Transfer and Overall Balances

Figure 2.2-1. Pressure in a static fluid.

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Chapter 2: Principles of Momentum Transfer and Overall Balances

Figure 2.2-2. Pressure in vessels of various shapes.

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Chapter 2: Principles of Momentum Transfer and Overall Balances

Figure 2.2-3. Storage tank in Example 2.2-2.

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Chapter 2: Principles of Momentum Transfer and Overall Balances

Figure 2.2-4. Manometers to measure pressure


differences: (a) U tube; (b) two-fluid U tube.

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Chapter 2: Principles of Momentum Transfer and Overall Balances

Figure 2.2-5. Measurements of pressure in vessels: (a) measurement of


pressure in a vessel; (b) measurement of differential pressure.

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Chapter 2: Principles of Momentum Transfer and Overall Balances

Figure 2.2-6. Continuous atmospheric gravity separator for immiscible


liquids.

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Chapter 2: Principles of Momentum Transfer and Overall Balances

Figure 2.3-1. Molecular transport of a property: (a) plot of concentration


versus distance for steady state; (b) unsteady-state general property
balance.

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Chapter 2: Principles of Momentum Transfer and Overall Balances

Figure 2.4-1. Fluid shear between two parallel plates.

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Chapter 2: Principles of Momentum Transfer and Overall Balances

Figure 2.5-1. Reynolds experiment for different types of flow: (a) laminar
flow; (b) turbulent flow.

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Chapter 2: Principles of Momentum Transfer and Overall Balances

Figure 2.6-1. Mass balance on flow system.

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Chapter 2: Principles of Momentum Transfer and Overall Balances

Figure 2.6-2. Piping arrangement for Example 2.6-1.

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Chapter 2: Principles of Momentum Transfer and Overall Balances

Figure 2.6-3. Control volume for flow through a conduit.

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Chapter 2: Principles of Momentum Transfer and Overall Balances

Figure 2.6-4. Flow through a differential area dA on a control surface.

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Chapter 2: Principles of Momentum Transfer and Overall Balances

Figure 2.6-5. Control volume for flow in a stirred tank for Example 2.6-2.

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Chapter 2: Principles of Momentum Transfer and Overall Balances

Figure 2.7-1. Steady-state flow system for a fluid.

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Chapter 2: Principles of Momentum Transfer and Overall Balances

Figure 2.7-2. Process flow diagram for Example 2.7-1.

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Chapter 2: Principles of Momentum Transfer and Overall Balances

Figure 2.7-3. Process flow diagram for energy balance for Example 2.7-2.

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Chapter 2: Principles of Momentum Transfer and Overall Balances

Figure 2.7-4. Process flow diagram for Example 2.7-4.

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Chapter 2: Principles of Momentum Transfer and Overall Balances

Figure 2.7-5. Process flow diagram for Example 2.7-5.

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Chapter 2: Principles of Momentum Transfer and Overall Balances

Figure 2.7-6. Process flow diagram for Example 2.7-6.

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Chapter 2: Principles of Momentum Transfer and Overall Balances

Figure 2.7-7. Nozzle flow diagram for Example 2.7-7.

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Chapter 2: Principles of Momentum Transfer and Overall Balances

Figure 2.8-1. Flow through a horizontal nozzle in the x direction only.

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Chapter 2: Principles of Momentum Transfer and Overall Balances

Figure 2.8-2. Overall momentum balance for flow system with fluid entering
at point 1 and leaving at 2.

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Chapter 2: Principles of Momentum Transfer and Overall Balances

Figure 2.8-3. Flow through a reducing bend in Example 2.8-3.

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Chapter 2: Principles of Momentum Transfer and Overall Balances

Figure 2.8-4. Losses in expansion flow.

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Chapter 2: Principles of Momentum Transfer and Overall Balances

Figure 2.8-5. Free jet impinging on a fixed vane; (a) smooth, curved vane;
(b) smooth, flat vane.

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Chapter 2: Principles of Momentum Transfer and Overall Balances

Figure 2.9-1. Control volume for shell momentum balance on a fluid flowing
in a circular tube.

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Chapter 2: Principles of Momentum Transfer and Overall Balances

Figure 2.9-2. Velocity and momentum flux profiles for laminar flow in a pipe.

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Chapter 2: Principles of Momentum Transfer and Overall Balances

Figure 2.9-3. Vertical laminar flow of a liquid film: (a) shell momentum balance for
a control volume x thick; (b) velocity and momentum flux profiles.

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Chapter 2: Principles of Momentum Transfer and Overall Balances

Figure 2.10-1.Velocity distribution of a fluid across a pipe.

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Chapter 2: Principles of Momentum Transfer and Overall Balances

Figure 2.10-2. Ratio av/max as a function of Reynolds number for pipes.

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Chapter 2: Principles of Momentum Transfer and Overall Balances

Figure 2.10-3. Friction factors for fluids inside pipes.

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Chapter 2: Principles of Momentum Transfer and Overall Balances

Figure 2.10-4. Process flow diagram for Example 2.10-6.

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Chapter 2: Principles of Momentum Transfer and Overall Balances

Figure 2.10-5. Process flow diagram for Example 2.10-7.

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Chapter 2: Principles of Momentum Transfer and Overall Balances

Figure 2.10-6. Velocity profiles near a pipe entrance for laminar flow.

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