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IPv6 Presentation

IPv6 was developed to address the limitations of IPv4, which is running out of available IP addresses due to the massive growth of Internet-connected devices. IPv6 uses a 128-bit address space compared to IPv4's 32-bit address space, providing vastly more IP addresses to meet future needs. It has a simplified header format for faster processing and built-in security features. A transition is underway, with devices and networks supporting both IPv4 and IPv6 through techniques like dual stacking, tunneling, and header translation to allow a gradual migration. IPv6 provides a future-proof solution for continued growth and innovation on the Internet.

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320 views27 pages

IPv6 Presentation

IPv6 was developed to address the limitations of IPv4, which is running out of available IP addresses due to the massive growth of Internet-connected devices. IPv6 uses a 128-bit address space compared to IPv4's 32-bit address space, providing vastly more IP addresses to meet future needs. It has a simplified header format for faster processing and built-in security features. A transition is underway, with devices and networks supporting both IPv4 and IPv6 through techniques like dual stacking, tunneling, and header translation to allow a gradual migration. IPv6 provides a future-proof solution for continued growth and innovation on the Internet.

Uploaded by

SurajRN
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IPv6 Internet Protocol

version 6
The Next generation
Internet Protocol
SURAJ R

THE INTERNET
The INTERNET is the worlds largest public
data network , doubling in size
approximately every 9 months.
The connection of a device(for example,a
computer or a router) is defined by a unique
and universal address called its IP address.
Two devices on the Internet can never have
the same address at the same time.
It is the job of the protocol at the network
layer to assign the IP address to the device.

IPv4 Protocol
The network layer protocol in the TCP/IP protocol
suite in use currently is IPv4.
IPv4 uses 32 bit address space for IP addressing ,
which means that the address space is 232 or
4,294,967,296(more than 4 billion).
But due to the explosion of large amount of
connected devices and Internet appliances , the
current address space is getting depleted rapidly.
Traditional model of classful addressing does not
allow the address space to be used to its
maximum potential.

Why a new
IP ?

Classful Addressing in IPv4


Clas
s

First
Byte

A
B

0-127

C
D

128191
192223
224239

Second
Byte

Third
Byte

Fourth
Byte

Number of Blocks and Block size in


classful IPv4 addressing

Class

Number of
Blocks

Block Size

A
B
C
D

128

16,777,216

16,384

65,536

20,97,152

256

26,84,35,45
6
26,84,35,45
6

Techniques to reduce address


shortage in IPv4
Subnetting.
Classless Inter Domain Routing
(CIDR).
Network Address Translation (NAT).
In spite of these techniques , we are
running out of address space.

Do We Really Need a Larger


Address Space?
Internet Users
~945 million users in 2004, ~2150 million
by 2014.
Emerging networks in India , China..
PDA , Tablets, Notepads.
Mobile phones
Already 1 billion mobile phones delivered
by the industry
Transportation
2 billion automobiles forecast for 2014.
Internet access in Planes
Consumer devices
Billions of Home and Industrial Appliances.

Explosion of New Internet


Appliances

IP Address Allocation history


1981 - IPv4 protocol published
1985 ~ 1/16 of total space
1990 ~ 1/8 of total space
1995 ~ 1/3 of total space
2000 ~ 1/2 of total space
2002 ~ 2/3 of total space
2010 ~ 4/5 of total space
This despite increasingly intense conservation efforts
PPP / DHCP address sharing
NAT (network address translation)
CIDR (classless inter-domain routing)
Theoretical limit of 32-bit space: ~4 billion devices
Practical limit of 32-bit space: ~250 million devices (RFC
3194)

The solution IPv6


GOALS OF NEW IP DESIGN
Expectation of a resurgence of always-on
technologies.
xDSL, cable, Ethernet-to-home, Cell-phones, etc.
Expectation of new users with multiple devices.
China, India, etc. as new growth domains.
Consumer appliances as network devices.
(1015 endpoints)
Expectation of millions of new networks.

Features of IPv6
Larger Address Space.
Efficient and Extensible IP datagram
header with better header format.
Serverless autoconfiguration and
reconfiguration.
Security (IPsec mandatory).
Mobility.

Address space of IPv6


IPv6 uses 128 bit addressing , which increases the
available address space up to 8 * 10 28 of what was
available in IPv4.
This humungous address space caters to the
expectations of ever growing newer networks ,
millions and billions of devices and multiple network
users with always on technology .
Sees to it that IP addressing doesnt act as a
bottleneck for newer advancements in the
networking world .
Easier address management and Auto- configuration.
Future-proofing.

128-bit IPv6 Address


3FFE:085B:1F1F:0000:0000:0000:00A9:1234

8 groups of 16-bit hexadecimal numbers


separated by :
Leading zeros can be removed.
3FFE:85B:1F1F::A9:1234
:: = all zeros in one or more group of 16-bit
hexadecimal numbers.

A new Header

IPv4 & IPv6 Header


Comparison

IPv4 Header
Version

IHL

Type of Service

IPv6 Header

Total Length
Version

Identification
Time to Live

Protocol

Flags

Traffic Class

Flow Label

Fragment
Offset

Header Checksum

Payload Length

Next
Header

Hop Limit

Source Address
Destination Address

Legend

Options

Padding

- fields name kept from IPv4 to


IPv6
- fields not kept in IPv6
- Name & position changed in
IPv6

Source Address

Destination Address

Advantages of new Header


Headers in IPv6 have half the fields as
those present in IPv4.
Header lookups happen at much faster
speeds than it was in IPv4.
These features leads to much faster
unheard of speeds of data transmission.
Overall the efficiency of transmission
increases in IPv4 due to a cut down in
header format.

IPv6 Security
By default IPv6 uses a standard
called IPSec.
IPSec is a feature that provides endend security using encryption
algorithms.
All implementations required to
support authentication and
encryption headers.
Thus data communication using IPv6
will be very secure compared to the

Other Advanced feature in


IPv6

QoS (Quality of Service) - QoS, a set of

service requirements to deliver performance


guarantee while transporting traffic over the
network. This helps in prioritizing one form of
data over another, like VOIP traffic, which
requires a higher priority than normal data
traffic.

Mobility - IPv6 supports the Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6)


protocol which enables mobile devices to switch
between networks and receive a roaming
notification regardless of physical location.

Server less Autoconfiguration automatic


configuration of IP address , default gateway etc
by devices without the need for a server.

Transition from IPv4 to IPv6


The transition must be smooth to
prevent any problems between IPv4
and IPv6 systems.

Transition strategies:
Dual Stack
Tunneling
Header translation

Dual Stack
It is recommended that all hosts,
before migrating to version 6,have a
dual stack of protocols.
In other words, a station must run
both IPv4 and IPv6 simultaneously
until all the Internet uses IPv6.

Tunneling
Tunneling is a strategy used when two
computers using IPv6 wants to
communicate with each other and the
packet must pass through a region of IPv4.
To pass through this region a packet must
have anIPv4 address, so theIPv6 address is
encapsulated in an IPv4 packet.
It seems as if the IPv6 packet goes through
a tunnel at one end and emerges at the
other.

Header Translation
Header translation is necessary when
the majority of Internet has changed
over to IPv6, but some systems still
use Ipv4.
In this case the packet must be
completely changed to IPv4 from
IPv6 if the receiver is an IPv4 system
and the sender an IPv6 system.
This method of translating header
from IPv4 to IPv6 is called Header

Conclusion
IPv6 is built on the experiences learnt
from IPv4.
It has exciting new features.
Larger address space.
Efficient header and high level of
security.
It is built on a solid base hence reliable.
Started in 1995, a lot of implementations
and tests done.

REFERENCES

www.ipv6.com
www.howstuff.com
www.wikipedia.com
Data communications and
Networking Behrouz A Forouzan

ANY QUESTIONS ?

THE END

THANK
YOU

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