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Semantic Web: BY-MANIT PANWAR (00116404509) M.C.A (SE), 1 SEM

The document discusses the semantic web, which aims to put data on the web in a format that machines can understand. It cites Tim Berners-Lee saying the first step is converting data to a form that can be directly or indirectly processed by machines. This creates a "semantic web" where data can be processed by machines. The document then provides an overview of the history and architecture of the semantic web, including layers like RDF, XML, and ontologies. It concludes that the semantic web opens a new window for search and a hope for better search results by making web resources more meaningful and intelligent.

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70 views12 pages

Semantic Web: BY-MANIT PANWAR (00116404509) M.C.A (SE), 1 SEM

The document discusses the semantic web, which aims to put data on the web in a format that machines can understand. It cites Tim Berners-Lee saying the first step is converting data to a form that can be directly or indirectly processed by machines. This creates a "semantic web" where data can be processed by machines. The document then provides an overview of the history and architecture of the semantic web, including layers like RDF, XML, and ontologies. It concludes that the semantic web opens a new window for search and a hope for better search results by making web resources more meaningful and intelligent.

Uploaded by

davidhenry001
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SEMANTIC WEB

BY-
MANIT PANWAR (00116404509)
M.C.A (SE), 1ST SEM
AN ANALYSIS OF A DREAM

“THE FIRST STEP IS PUTTING DATA ON THE WEB IN A FORM THAT


MACHINES CAN NATURALLY UNDERSTAND, OR CONVERTING IT TO THAT
FORM. THIS CREATES WHAT I CALL A SEMANTIC WEB—A WEB OF DATA
THAT CAN BE PROCESSED DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY
BY MACHINES.”

—TIM BERNERS-LEE, WEAVING THE WEB, HARPER SAN FRANCISCO,1999


ABSTRACT
 This paper presents an analysis and an overview of the next generation search
in the context of Semantic Web.

 Semantic Web is going to bring a new dimension in the field of information


technology by giving a better search facility on the web and is the fire that
increasingly generating it’s flame in the IT industry.

 It is a collective effort towards making the biggest database from which we


can retrieve information in an intelligent and meaningful manner.

 This paper focuses the various aspects of semantic web like: History,
Introduction, Architecture layers namely RDF, RDF Schema, Ontology, XML,
XML Schema, Namespace, Unicode , URI .
INTRODUCTION
Almost everyone uses the internet today for their specific purposes, if you look on the internet as
a sea of data, data here can be anything but the medium is the water (the internet), we know what
data to search, most of the time, but yes then also we don’t know the exact location of the data
where it is floating, the water (the internet) is just a medium, you get in, and go on the search of
the data you want but where?, and How? And what exactly our data looks like?

The semantic web, what I can understand in a very broad sense, will make those dead data live,
and tell us where they are (location), what they look like (the exact data we are looking for) on
simple call, i.e. data understand us, it is smart now, it carries the information about itself, can
tell us what it is and why and from where it is, like a normal person gives his introduction.

I’m not interested in knowing the data, I want to use it. The entity or the person who may be
interested in knowing the data is the machine, now we have to make our machine understand
what data is saying, but definitely not by changing the hardware, instead if I can make the
information, the data is giving so, which can be directly understand by the machine then
everything will work fine.
Description of various Layers
• Unicode: Unicode is a standard way of allowing computers to
consistently representing and manipulating text expressed in
most of the world’s writing systems.
• URI Uniform Resource Identifier: (URI) is a compact string
of characters used to identify or name a resource on the
Internet.
• XML Extensible Markup Language: (XML) is general-
purpose specification for creating custom mark-up languages.
It is classified as an extensible language because it allows its
users to define their own elements. Its primary purpose is to
help information systems share structured data, particularly
via the Internet
• XML Schema : An XML schema is a description of a type of
XML document, typically expressed in terms of constraints on
the structure
• XML Namespace: An XML namespace is a collection of Names (identified
by a URI) used in XML document as element types and attribute names.
RDF Resource description framework actually creates the metadata about the
document as a single entity, i.e. the author of the document, its creation date,
its type etc.
• Ontology Vocabulary: It is main layer, consist of hierarchical distribution of
important concepts in the domain and describing about the properties. Some
basic ontology languages are OWL,DAML-ONT and DAML+OIL etc
• Digital Signature :Digital Signature Support the notion of trust.
Purpose:- a)Is to digitally sign the document
b)Encryption can be applied to prevent
unauthorized access.
• Logic :It is a monotonic Logic. In this layer any rule can export the code but
can’t be imported.
• Proof :Goal is to make the smarter content, so to make machine
understandable.
• Trust :This is the top most layer, where the trustworthiness of information to
be subjectively evaluated
HISTORY
• 1989 Tim Berner Lee proposed WWW to CERN as a Development project.
• 1991 Portable browser available and distributed.
• 1994
 Netscape was released as a commercial browser

 Yahoo acted as search engine


 There were 2500 web servers at that time.
• 1995
 There were 73500 web servers at that time.
 Microsoft released IE and W3 was established as a standard body
• 1996 Semantic web initiated
• 1997 First working draft of the RDF language to define metadata was available
• 1998 Tim Berners Lee published a roadmap to the semantic web that includes query
Language, inference rules and proof validation
• 1999 RDF became a W3C recommendation-a crucial step towards the web’s
interoperability and functionality.
• 2001 A vision of semantic web has broadened the vision further to include trust
CHALLENGES FOR A NEW
SEMANTIC WORLD
 A common pitfall made in the studies of the Semantic Web is the limited
focus on “technological perspectives” or, in the other extreme.

 the difficulty to communicate the underlying capacity of semantics and


ontologies to meet critical real world challenges.

 Some of the challenges for the Semantic Web include vastness, vagueness,
uncertainty, inconsistency and deceit. Automated reasoning systems will
have to deal with all of these issues in order to deliver on the promise of
the Semantic Web.
APPLICATION AREAS
• Knowledge Management
• E-Commerce
• Biosciences and Medical Applications
• Ambient Intelligence
• Cognitive Systems
• Data Integration
• Multimedia Data Management
• Software Engineering
• Cognitive Systems
• Machine Learning
• e-Science
• Information Extraction
• Grid Computing
• Peer-to-Peer Systems
• e-Government
CONCLUSION
 The Evolution of Semantic Web has opened a new window in
IT and a hope for better search results on Web.

 It is based on the fundamental idea that web resources should


be annotated with “Semantic Markup” that captures information
about their meaning.

 Semantic Web is not far away when we understand and work


on the various ways to make the current web more meaningful
and intelligent web. This can be achieved by knowing about the
various tools, technologies, layers etc of Semantic web which
has been summarized in this presentation.
THANKS FOR YOUR COOPERATION

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