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12 Verb Tenses

This document provides information about verb tenses and their usage. It discusses the present, past, future, present perfect, past perfect, and future perfect tenses as well as their continuous and progressive forms. Examples are given to illustrate when each tense should be used such as for facts, habits, planned events, completed actions, durations, and more. Conditional sentences are also explained.

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1K views36 pages

12 Verb Tenses

This document provides information about verb tenses and their usage. It discusses the present, past, future, present perfect, past perfect, and future perfect tenses as well as their continuous and progressive forms. Examples are given to illustrate when each tense should be used such as for facts, habits, planned events, completed actions, durations, and more. Conditional sentences are also explained.

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VERB TENSES

YOU MUST KNOW


and MUST USE!

Presented by:

Mr. Virgo Clemente Lopez

TENSE and ASPECT


- Time of an events occurrence in the
present, past, or future.
- May be in the past or present
- Whether or not the event has
occurred earlier (perfect) or still in
progress (progressive)
- Indicated by suffixes and auxiliary
verbs.

Examples
Virgo taught his students.
Virgo teaches his students.
Jessa has written her term
paper.
Now she is studying for her
IELTS Examination.

TENSE USAGE

PRESENT TENSE
Statement GENERALLY TRUE at
the moment of speaking.
The moon is made of the same
materials as earth.

PRESENT TENSE

Habit or usual activity


Bicolanos cook many
dishes with coconut
and chili.

PRESENT TENSE

Commentary about an
ongoing activity
The traffic light turns
yellow and drivers go
even faster to beat the
red light.

PRESENT TENSE

Stage directions and


synopses
Tiresisas turns away
from Oedipus and is led
out.

PRESENT TENSE

Prearranged activity

The space shuttle flies


again next month for
experiments in crystals.

PAST TENSE

Statement was TRUE


in the past
The young Mozart was
the darling of Europe.

PAST TENSE

Statement that became


TRUE in the past
An asteroid impacted in
the bay of Mexico at the
close of the Jurassic
period.

PAST TENSE
IF statement which is not real, yet
applies to the PRESENT 2nd
CONDITIONAL (present-unreal)

If he understood the
staffs sentiments, he
would know whom to
appoint as their director.

CONDITIONALS
PROBABILITY

CONDITIONAL

EXAMPLE

TIME

100 %

Zero

If you heat ice, it melts.

Any time

50 %

First

If it rains, I will stay at


home.

Future

10 %

Second

If I won the lottery, I


would buy a car.

Future

0%

Third

If I had won the lottery,


I would have bought a
car.

Past

PAST TENSE
Tentative or POLITE statement,
with MODAL VERBS

Could I record this


interview?

PRESENT PERFECT
TENSE
STATEMENT which was TRUE in the
PAST and still RELEVANT to the
PRESENT (or CONTINUING)
Since 1992, the words consultation,
and empowerment, have become
popular, and often misused terms.

PRESENT PERFECT
TENSE

STATEMENT with adverb


JUST for a recently
concluded action
She has just eaten.

PAST PERFECT
Was true, action which was
completed before another
past action or past time
reference.
The mail arrived right after
you had gone.

PAST PERFECT
IF statement which is NOT
rd
REAL (3 CONDITIONAL
past-unreal)
If the tapes had been
erased or destroyed, he
would not have
incriminated himself.

FUTURE PERFECT

Action to be completed
before another future action
or future time reference
Before the next term begins,
these textbooks will have run
out of copies.

PROGRESSIVE
ASPECT
indicate continuing action at
given points in time
Past, present (moment of
speaking), or future.
He was playing piano earlier.
He is playing piano now.
He is playing the piano later.

PROGRESSIVE OF THE
VERB BE
USED to indicate
TEMPORARY or
FANCIFUL state
I am being a classroom
teacher, I should really be
guidance counselor.

SOME VERBS
Cost, love, know, like, need, own,
understand, and want
DO NOT take PROGRESSIVE
ASPECT
He has been knowing the answer.
He has known the answer.

IN A NUTSHELL

SIMPLE/
BASIC
TENSE

PRESENT
USES

EXAMPLES

Repeated actions
Facts or
generalizations
Scheduled events in
the near future
Now (noncontinuous verbs)

I play tennis.
The earth revolves
around the sun.
The party starts at
8 oclock.
He needs help
right now.

PAST
USES

Completed action in the


past
A series of completed
actions
Duration in the past

Habits in the past

EXAMPLES

I watched two movies


yesterday.
I finished work, walked to
the beach, and found a
nice place to swim.
I studied in Canada for
two years.
They always skipped
class.

Past facts or generalizations It was hard to download


movies from the internet
before.

FUTURE

form 1: will + base form of the verb


form 2: am/is are + going to + base form of
verb
USES

EXAMPLES

will to express a
voluntary action

I will send you the


information when I get it.

will to express a
promise

I will call you later at 10


PM.

be going to to express He is going to spend his


a plan
vacation in New York.
will or be going to to The year 2030 will be a
express a prediction
very interesting year for
them.

Present Perfect

form: has/have + past participle


USES
Unspecified time before now
Experience

EXAMPLES
I have seen that movie twice.
I have been to France./ I have been to
France three times.

Change over time

He has grown since the last time I


saw him.

Accomplishments

My son has learned how to read.

Uncompleted action you are


expecting

Ted has not finished his architectural


design.

Multiple actions at different times

She has spoken to several


psychiatrists about her problems.

Duration from the past until now


(non-continuous verbs)

I have had cold for two weeks.

Past Perfect

form: had + past participle

USES
EXAMPLES
Completed action I had never seen
before something in such a beautiful
the past
beach before I went
to Hawaii.
Duration before
something in the
past (noncontinuous verbs)

We had had that car


for ten years before
it broke down.

Future Perfect

form 1: will have + past participle


form 2: am/is/are + going to have + past
participle
USES
Completed action before
something in the future

EXAMPLES
By next November, I will
have received my
promotion.

Duration before something By Monday, Robin is going


in the future (nonto have had my book for a
continuous verbs)
week.

IN A NUTSHELL

CONTINUOUS/
PROGRESSIVE
TENSE

PRESENT

form: am/is/are + present participle


USES

EXAMPLES

Now
The baby is sleeping.
Longer actions in progress I am reading the book
now
Ignorance.
Near future
Repetition and Irritation
with always

I am meeting some friends


after work.
She is always coming to
class late.

PAST

form: was/ were + present participle


USES

EXAMPLES

Interrupted action in the


past

She was writing a letter


when I called her up.

Specific time as an
interruption

Last night at 6 PM, I was


knitting a sweater.

Parallel actions

I was studying while my


mother was making dinner.

Repetition and irritation


with always

She was always coming to


class late.

FUTURE

form 1: will have + past participle


form 2: am/ is/ are + going to have + past participle
USES

EXAMPLES

Interrupted action in the


future

I will be watching TV when


she arrives at home tonight.

Specific time as an
interruption in the future

Tonight at 6 PM, I am going


to be eating dinner.

Parallel actions in the future Tonight, they will be eating


dinner, discussing their
plans, making final
decisions for the company.

PRESENT PERFECT

form: has/ have + been + present participle


USES

EXAMPLES

Duration from the past until They have been talking for
now
the last hour.
Recently, lately

Recently, I have been


feeling tired.
She has been watching
action movies lately.

PAST PERFECT

form: had + been + present participle


USES

EXAMPLES

Duration before something They had been talking for


in the past
over an hour before Barney
arrived.
Cause of something in the
past

Lily gained weight because


he had been overeating.

FUTURE PERFECT

form 1: will have been present participle


form 2: am/ is/ are + going to have been + present partici

USES

EXAMPLES

Duration before something They will have been talking


in the future
for an hour by the time
Marshal arrives.
Cause of something in the
future

Stella will be tired when she


gets home because she will
have been jogging for over
an hour.

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