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Conc. Acid & Alkali

This document provides information on concentration, molarity, and calculations involving concentration and molarity. It defines concentration as the mass of solute per volume of solution, with units of g/dm3. It defines molarity as the number of moles of solute per volume of solution, with units of mol/dm3. It gives formulas for converting between concentration, moles, mass, volume, and molarity. It also provides examples of concentration and molarity calculations. Finally, it discusses the preparation of standard solutions and dilution calculations.

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Faten Ikhsan
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167 views39 pages

Conc. Acid & Alkali

This document provides information on concentration, molarity, and calculations involving concentration and molarity. It defines concentration as the mass of solute per volume of solution, with units of g/dm3. It defines molarity as the number of moles of solute per volume of solution, with units of mol/dm3. It gives formulas for converting between concentration, moles, mass, volume, and molarity. It also provides examples of concentration and molarity calculations. Finally, it discusses the preparation of standard solutions and dilution calculations.

Uploaded by

Faten Ikhsan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 39

WHICH IS MORE

CONCENTRATED ???

BEAKER A BEAKER B
CONCENTRATION
OF
ACIDS & ALKALIS
CONCENTRATION
 Quantity of solute in a given
volume of solution, which is
usually 1 dm3
REMEMBER THIS FORMULAE!!!

 Concentration = mass of solute (g)


volume of solution (dm3)

 Unit : g dm-3

 1 dm3 = 1000 cm3


MOLARITY
is the number of moles of
solute that are present in 1
dm-3 of solution
REMEMBER THIS FORMULAE!!!

 Molarity = number of moles of solute (mol)


volume of solution (dm3)

 Unit: mol dm-3


REMEMBER THIS FORMULAE...!!!
X Molar mass

Molarity Concentration
(mol dm-3) (g dm-3)

÷ Molar mass
REMEMBER THIS FORMULAE!!!

 Molarity = number of moles of solute (mol)


volume of solution (dm3)

# no. of mole (n) = molarity of solution (M)


X volume (V)
 In short….

n = MV

n = no. of moles of solute (mol)


M = molarity of solution (mol dm-3)
V = volume of solution (dm3)
 No of moles = mass of solute (g)
molar mass (g mol-1)
QUESTION 1
 Find
the concentration of a solution in
grams per dm3 when 36.5 g of
hydrogen chloride, HCl is dissolved in
water to make up 500 cm3 of solution.
QUESTION 2

 5.00g of copper (II) sulphate is


dissolved in water to form 500 cm3
solution. Calculate the concentration
of copper (II) sulphate solution in g
dm-3
QUESTION 3
 What is the mass of sodium
carbonate required to dissolve in
water to prepare a 200 cm3 solution
that contains 50 g dm-3 ?
QUESTION 4

A student dissolves 50.0 g of copper


(II) sulphate in water to make a 250
cm3 of solution. What is the
concentration of the solution in
g dm-3 ?
QUESTION 5
 Find the molarity of a solution which
is prepared by dissolving 0.30 mol of
sodium hydroxide, NaOH in distilled
water to make up 250 cm3 of solution.
QUESTION 6
 28.0g of potassium hydroxide is
dissolved in water to make a 200 cm3
of solution. Calculate the molarity of
potassium hydroxide solution
obtained.
[ RAM: H, 1; O, 16; K, 39]
QUESTION 7

 0.1mole of zinc nitrate is dissolved in


water to produce a solution with a
molarity of 0.2 mol dm-3. What is the
volume of zinc nitrate solution?
QUESTION 8
 The molarity of a bottle of nitric
acid,HNO3 solution is 2.0 mol dm-3.
What is the concentration of the
solution in g dm-3 ?
[Relative atomic mass: H, 1; N, 14;
O, 16]
QUESTION 9
 Calculate the molarity of a sodium
sulphate, Na2SO4 solution with a
concentration of 28.4 g dm-3 .
[ Relative atomic mass: O, 16; Na,
23; S, 32 ]
QUESTION 10
A potassium chloride solution has a
concentration of 14.9 g dm-3. What is
the molarity of this solution in mol dm-
3 ?

[ Relative atomic mass: Cl, 35.5; K,


39 ]
QUESTION 11
 The molarity of barium hydroxide
solution in a reagent bottle is 0.4 mol
dm-3. What is the concentration of this
solution in g dm-3?
[ Relative atomic mass: H, 1; O, 16; Ba,
137 ]
QUESTION 12
 4.0g of sodium carbonate powder,
Na2CO3 is dissolved in water and
made up to 250 cm3. What is the
molarity of the sodium carbonate
solution?
[ Relative atomic mass: C, 12; O, 16;
Na, 23 ]
QUESTION 13
 Calculate the mass of calcium
hydroxide in 50 cm3 of 0.01 mol dm-3
calcium hydroxide solution.
[ Relative atomic mass: H, 1; O, 16;
Ca, 40 ]
QUESTION 14
A 0.5 mol dm-3 lithium hydroxide
contains 6.0 g lithium hydroxide.
Calculate the volume of this solution.
[ Relative atomic mass: H, 1; Li, 7; O,
16 ]
PREPARATION
OF STANDARD
SOLUTIONS
STANDARD SOLUTION

Standard solution is a solution that we


had already knew its concentration.

Volumetric flask is a apparatus with


certain volume to use preparation
standard solution
STEP IN THE PREPARATION
OF A STANDARD SOLUTION
STEP 1
- Calculate the mass of solute needed.

STEP 2
- Weigh out the exact mass of solute
needed.
STEP 3
- Dissolve the solute in a small amount of
distilled water.
STEP 4
- Transfer the dissolved solute into
a suitable volumetric flask.

STEP 5
- Add enough water to the required
volume.
PREPARATION
OF A SOLUTION
BY DILUTION
METHOD
DILUTION

meaning

formula

preparation
MEANING OF
DILUTION
 is a process of diluting a
concentrated solution by adding a
solvent such as water to obtain a
more diluted solution.
STEP IN THE PREPARATION
OF A SOLUTION BY DILUTION
METHOD
 Calculate the volume of stock
solution required.
 Pipette the required volume of
stock solution into a volumetric
flask.
 Add water to the required
volume
REMEMBER THIS
FORMULAE…!!!
M1 V1 = M2 V2
1000 1000

M1 V1 = M2 V2

M1 = concentration BEFORE dilution


V1 = volume BEFORE dilution
M2 = concentration AFTER dilution
V2 = volume AFTER dilution
CALCULATIONS ON
MOLARITY

M1 = Initial molarity
M2 = Final molarity
V1 = Initial volume
V2 = Final volume

Thus the formula


M1V1 = M2V2
can be used to find the
new molarity
ANSWER THIS…
 what is the volume of 2.0 mol
dm-3 nitric acid needed to be
diluted with distilled water to
make 250 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3
nitric acid ?
SOLUTION….
Before dilution : M1 = 2.0 mol dm-3
V1 = ?
After dilution : M2 = 0.5 mol dm-3
V2 = 250 cm3

Using formula M1V1 = M2V2

(2.0 mol dm-3) V1 = 0.5 mol dm-3 (250 cm3)


V1 = 0.5 mol dm-3 (250 cm3)
2.0 mol dm-3
V1 = 62.5 cm3
QUESTION 2
50 cm3 of water is added to 200
cm3 of a 2 mol dm-3 solution of
NaOH. Determine the molarity of
the diluted solution.
QUESTION 3
What is the volume of 1.0 mol dm-3
HCl is required to be diluted with
distilled water to produce 100 cm3
of 0.1 mol dm-3 solution of HCl?

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