SCADA

Current State
and
Perspective

Matthias Clausen, DESY

(A. Daneels, CERN)

9 - 12 Oct. 2000 PCaPAC'2000 - DESY 1

 Overview

What is SCADA (compared with DCS systems)

Where and Why are SCADA systems used
What do SCADA systems Provide?
Evolution
Benefits
Experience from DESY
Outlook

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 Traditional Control

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 Traditional Control 2nd
Dedicated Consoles
Point to point communication
No network
No remote access
No remote diagnostic

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 Distributed Control

Network Protocol
PLCs

Field Bus

Field Bus-Integrator

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 Distributed Control 2nd
Advantages:
Distributed databases/ programs created from a single
development environment (also in front end processor)
Distributed access
Distributed diagnostic
Display everything everywhere

Disadvantages:
None of the DC systems are compatible to each other

Difficult:
Integration of various field bus components

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 SCADA ?
Supervisory And Data
Control Acquisition
Archiving, Logging,
Graphics and Batch processing Access Control, Alarms

Distributed database
Data Server Data Server PLCs

Field Bus
Control Programs
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 What, Where and Why
What is SCADAand where is it used
Supervisory Controls And Data Acquisition
Application area :
Industrial processes: chemical, power generation and distribution,
metallurgy,
Nuclear processes: reactors, nuclear waste, ...

Experimental physics: Tokamaks, HEP laboratories

Application size:
20 K I/O to 450 K I/O, two examples of 1 M I/O under development

Why SCADA systems were evaluated for LHC SLC ?

Reduction of resources
CERN policy of outsourcing

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 What do SCADA Provide?

Flexible and open architecture

Basic SCADA functionality
MMI
Alarm Handling and Trending
Access Control
Automation
Logging, Archiving, Report Generation
Interfaces to H/W and S/W
Development Tools

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 Generic Software Architecture
SCADA Client Active X
Graphics
Tren- Alarm Log Controls
ASCII Editor MMI Active X
File ding Display Display
Editor Container
SCADA Developt. Environt.

Library Client / Server - Publish / Subscribe - TCP/ IP

Recipe SCADA Server
ASCII RT & Event Manager
DB
Files
Export Recipe Data Report Alarm Log Archive
/ Gener.
Managt Proces
Import
Commercial RT SQL Alarm DB Log DB Archive DB
Ref. DB
DB
Project DB ODBC
Editor Data DDE
Commercial
R/W API/DLL
Devel. Driver
Private
tool Toolkit Driver OPC EXCEL
Application

VME PLC PLC

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 SCADA functions (1): MMI

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 SCADA functions (2)

Alarm Handling
Based on limit and status checking *
More complicated expressions developed by creating derived
parameters *
Alarms are time stamped and logically centralised *
Notifications (audible, visual, Email, GSM)
Multiple alarm priority levels
Grouping of alarms and handling of groups is possible
Suppression and masking of alarms either individually or as a
complete group
Filtering of alarms is possible

* ! Experience @ DESY
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 SCADA functions (3)
Trending
Multipletrending charts
Charts are pre-defined or configured on-line
Charts contain multiple pens,
Zooming, scrolling, panning, Hairline
Real-time and historical trending

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 SCADA functions (4)

Access Control
Users organised in groups with a set of allocated privileges
Large number of groups possible
Privileges limit write access to process parameters
Some allow access to graphics and functionality to be
limited

Automation
Actions can be initiated automatically triggered by an event *
Recipes
Sequencing and scripting possibilities

* ! Experience @ DESY
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 SCADA functions (5)

Logging, Archiving
Data stored in compressed and proprietary format
Logging / Archiving either for a set number of parameters or for
a set period of time
Logging / Archiving can be frequency or event driven *
Logging of user actions together with a user ID
VCR facility for playback of stored data

Report Generation
Reports created using SQL type queries to the RTDB or logs
Automatic generation, printing and archiving of reports
Use of components for report generation

* ! Experience @ DESY
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 Interfaces to H/W and S/W
H/W
Multiple communication protocols supported in a single system
(in particular CERN supported Field busses)
Support for major PLCs/DCSs but not VME
S/W
API
ODBC, DDE and OLE I/F to PC Products
OPC Client
ActiveX Containers
Web clients

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 Development Tools

Project editor
Graphics editor
Configuration through parameter
templates
Scripting language
Driver Development Tool Kit

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 Evolution
Frequent new versions
From tag/ channel-based to device
oriented
Multi-team development
Web technology, Active X, Java, etc.
OPC for internal communication
Etc

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 Why is OPC Data Access
needed?
Display Trend Report
Application Application Application

Software Software Software Software

Driver Driver Driver Driver
 How does OPC Solve the
Problem?
Display Trend Report
Application Application Application
OPC OPC OPC

OPC OPC OPC OPC

Software Software Software Software
Driver Driver Driver Driver
 Where does OPC Data Access Fit?

OPC (via DCOM)can also

be used between subsystems
and Management Consoles

Data Monitor
OPC is generally used
between Monitoring
SubSystem
applications and I/O specific OPC Low level sensors
software drivers Typically use a dedicated
Device Specific Hardware Interface and protocol
I/O Control

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 Benefits of SCADA
Standard frame for application
Rich functionality (50 - 100 p-yrs investment)
Reliability and Robustness (very large installed
base, mission critical processes)
Limited specific development
Technical support and maintenance
.. Etc

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 Lets go for it ! ???
More Aspects to take into Account:
Configuration of SCADA Systems
Data Access Mechanisms

DESY Experience:
Namespace: flat vs. OO
System Load
Network
Processor
Project Management

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 Configuration
of SCADA Systems

Data Server Data Server PLCs

Different Namespaces!!

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 Configuration
of SCADA Systems 2nd
PLC Communication SCADA
Programs Processor
Analog-Input Analog-Input
Value-AI-0 Vacuum_VALUE
Value-AI-1 Pressure_VALUE
Analog-Output Mapping Analog-Output
Value-AO-0 Valve_1_OUT
Value-AO-1 Heater_1_OUT
Field Bus

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 Configuration
of SCADA Systems 3rd (Alarms)

SCADA
Data Server Alarm Generation
Analog-Input (generic) Alarm scripts:
Vacuum_VALUE
Pressure_VALUE IF (Pressure_VALUE > Pressure_HIHI_ALARMVAL)
{Pressure_ALARM_HIHI=TRUE
Analog-Output
Pressure_ALARM_STATE=CRITICAL
Valve_1_OUT Pressure_ALARM_COLOR=RED }
Heater_1_OUT IF (Pressure_VALUE < Pressure_LOLO_ALARMVAL)
{Pressure_ALARM_LOLO=TRUE
Pressure_ALARM_STATE=ATTETION
Pressure_ALARM_COLOR=BLUE }

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 Winnings !!!
How many individual Tags did I create
up to now in my example?

4 8 10 17
Vacuum_VALUE Pressure_VALUE
Pressure_VALUE Pressure_HIHI_ALARMVAL
Valve_1_OUT Pressure_ALARM_HIHI
Pressure_ALARM_STATE
Heater_1_OUT Pressure_ALARM_COLOR
4 4
Pressure_VALUE
Pressure_LOLO_ALARMVAL
Pressure_ALARM_LOLO
Pressure_ALARM_STATE
Pressure_ALARM_COLOR
2
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 Data Access Mechanism's
Alarm Server
Alarm Server typically poll
data from the data server
( -> impact on network bandwidth)
Data Server

Data from field buses are

mainly polled
Asynchronous protocols are
difficult to handle

Field Bus

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 DESY Experience 1st
Namespace
Individual tags for each property blow up the namespace
Flat namespaces of thousands of tags can not be properly
handled without adequate tools
Latest SCADA technology clearly shows the trend to support the
definition of objects which cleans up the namespace
System Load
Additional non standard- features like
calculating alarms for each channel

temperature conversions ( 6th grade polynomial)

... can cause a lot of overhead which needs to be taken into

account for the calculation of the system load on process
controllers ( here: in a SCADA-like DCS system)

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 DESY Experience 2nd
Project Management
Small systems can be easily handled with in-house
personal
Big systems (several thousand of channels) should be
coordinated by an engineering office because of:
The coordination of the Field Bus (PLC) databases and the
SCADA databases
The knowledge of the various tools which come along with a
SCADA system
One of the main arguments for SCADA systems is:
outsourcing

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 Lets go for it ! ???
Utility controls @ DESY use EPICS as a SCADA system

H1 is going to use PVSS for their slow controls

Theres no alternative for big projects like TESLA

Various subsystems can be controlled by SCADA systems:
Utility Controls (water, energy, air, heating...)

Cryogenic Controls (cryogenic plants, cryogenic distribution)

Vacuum Systems (insulation vacuum, beam vacuum)

Special developments i.e. for RF control should have a SCADA-

aware design

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 Is SCADA the only Future ? ...
New Technology: JetWeb
Each node is an individual Web Server
All nodes and all I/O hooked up to the Ethernet

... probably not, but a very attractive one.

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 Thats all Folks

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 SCADA functionality (1)

MMI
Libraryof "generic" symbols with TAG links
Dynamic linking of parameters to graphics
On-line configuration and customisation of MMI
Links can be created between display pages
Animation and multimedia facilities

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 SCADA functions (2): Alarm Handling

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 SCADA functions (3): Trending

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 SCADA related Engineering:
Examples
Define:
hierarchies and partitions and their distribution over the
network
user groups and their access rights
naming convention for devices, etc.
library of objects (PLC, devices, subsystems, ...)
templates for different categories of "panels"
mechanism to prevent conflicting controls (if not provided
with the SCADA)
alarm levels, behaviours,
etc.

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9 - 12 Oct. 2000 PCaPAC'2000 - DESY 38
 Hardware Architecture
Dedicated
Client Client Server

Ethernet

Data Data
Server Server
Fieldbus Fieldbus

Con- Con-
troller Con- Con- Con-
troller
troller troller troller

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