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CE Salt Hydrolysis

There are four types of salt solutions based on the acids and bases that make them up: 1. Salts of strong acids and bases are neutral. 2. Salts of weak acids and strong bases are basic due to anion hydrolysis. 3. Salts of strong acids and weak bases are acidic due to cation hydrolysis. 4. Salts of weak acids and bases can be acidic, basic, or neutral depending on the relative strengths of the acid and base and hydrolysis of both ions.

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207 views13 pages

CE Salt Hydrolysis

There are four types of salt solutions based on the acids and bases that make them up: 1. Salts of strong acids and bases are neutral. 2. Salts of weak acids and strong bases are basic due to anion hydrolysis. 3. Salts of strong acids and weak bases are acidic due to cation hydrolysis. 4. Salts of weak acids and bases can be acidic, basic, or neutral depending on the relative strengths of the acid and base and hydrolysis of both ions.

Uploaded by

Anand Muruganantham
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1.

No hydrolysis: Salts of strong acids and strong bases


are neutral in solution.
(NaCl, K2SO4, CaCl2….)

2. Anion-hydrolysis: Salts of weak acids and strong bases


are basic in solution.

Dissolution: KCN  K+ + CN-


Hydrolysis: CN- + H2O  HCN + OH-
3. Cation-hydrolysis: Salts of strong acids and weak
bases are acidic in solution.

Dissolution: NH4Cl  NH4+ + Cl-


Hydrolysis: NH4+ + H2O  NH3 + H3O+

4. Cation-anion hydrolysis: Salts of weak acids and weak


bases can be acidic, basic or neutral in solution, owing
to the hydrolysis of both ions. The reaction depends on
relative acid-base strengths.

Dissolution: NH4CN  NH4+ + CN-


Cation-Hydrolysis: NH4+ + H2O  NH3 + H3O+
Anion-hydrolysis: CN- + H2O  HCN + OH-
Two equilibria coexist in aqueous solutions of
hydrolyzable salts.

1. Self ionization of water:

H2O  H+ + OH- Kw = [H+] [OH-]

2. Hydrolysis of a cation (C+) or an anion (A-)

a) C+ + H2O  COH + H+

[COH] [H+] [COH] Kw Kw


K h(cation) = = K
[C+] [C+] [OH-] b
=

[H+] = Kh[C+] and pH = - log Kh[C+]


2. Hydrolysis of a cation (C+) or an anion (A-)

b) A- + H2O  HA + OH-

[HA] [OH-] [HA] Kw Kw


K h(anion) = = = K
[A-] [A-] [H+] a

[OH-] = Kh[A-] and pH = 14- pOH

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