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SME3013 (History of Mathematical Sciences Title: Golden Ratio Lecturer:Dr. Sabarina Shafie

The golden ratio (approximately 1.618) has been used in architecture and art since ancient times. It appears frequently in nature, such as in seed heads, flower petals, shells, and the spiral patterns of hurricanes. The golden ratio can be found by dividing a line into extreme and mean ratio. It is exhibited in proportions of the human face and body. Remarkably, the distance ratios between Mecca and the North/South Poles precisely match the golden ratio of 1.618.

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140 views5 pages

SME3013 (History of Mathematical Sciences Title: Golden Ratio Lecturer:Dr. Sabarina Shafie

The golden ratio (approximately 1.618) has been used in architecture and art since ancient times. It appears frequently in nature, such as in seed heads, flower petals, shells, and the spiral patterns of hurricanes. The golden ratio can be found by dividing a line into extreme and mean ratio. It is exhibited in proportions of the human face and body. Remarkably, the distance ratios between Mecca and the North/South Poles precisely match the golden ratio of 1.618.

Uploaded by

ct saharah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SME3013

(HISTORY OF MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES

TITLE: GOLDEN RATIO

LECTURER:DR. SABARINA SHAFIE

LIST OF MEMBERS:
1) AIDA AZRINIE BINTI ALI (D20151070905)
2) NUR ADDINIE NASUHA BINTI RAOP (D20151070898)
3) NUR SYAHIRAH BINTI HASHIM (D20151071569)
4) SITI SAHARAH BINTI SA’IM (D20151070901)
WHEN WAS THE GOLDEN RATIO FOUND?
 No one really knows for sure as to who originally discovered the Golden Ratio –
1.618 (a.k.a the Phi ratio).
 It is known as; The Golden Section, Golden Number, Golden Mean, Golden
Proportion, Golden Rectangle, Fibonacci Sequence and Tau (T).
 The Golden Ratio was used in architecture potentially date to the ancient Egyptians
and Greeks (in the design of the Great Pyramids and the Parthenon).
 However, the ratio was also used by many artists, mathematicians, scientists and
philosophers throughout the history.

Phidias • A Greek sculptor and mathematician.


(500BC – • Studied phi and applied it to the
432 BC) design of sculptures for the Parthenon.

Plato • Considered the golden section to be


the most binding of all mathematical
(428BC – relationships and the key to the
347BC) physics of the cosmos.

• In “The Elements”, he referred to


Euclid dividing a line at the 0.6180399….
point as “dividing a line in the extreme
(365BC – and mean ratio”.
300BC) • This later gave rise to the use of the
term mean in the golden mean.
How do you find Golden Ratio??
the Golden Ratio is a special number approximately equal to
1.6180339887498948482
one way to visually understand it is with a line segment

then a mathematical equation can be established through the


ratio
a = a+b by cross-multiplying we get ab + b2 = a2
or if we substitute 1 for b, then a2 = a +
b a 1
solving for a, we end up with
a = (1 + sqrt(5))
2
= phi 
= 1.618033988749
The Application of Golden Ratio :
Human Face and Bodies
 Head to toe; head to belly button.
 Shoulder to fingertip; shoulder to elbow.
 Hip bone to heel; hip bone to knee.
 Length of face; width of face.
 Length of face; length from the eyebrow to chin.
 Length of mouth; width of nose.
 Distance between the lips and the eyebrow; length of
nose.
 Width of the centre tooth; width of the second tooth.
PHI IN NATURE
 Seed Heads GOLDEN MAIN POINT ON EARTH
 Flower petals
B

 Spirals – Shell, Milky Way, Hurricanes, Seahorse

A (Distance Mecca to South Pole)= 12348.32 km

B (Distance Mecca to North Pole)= 7631.68


km
𝐴 12348.32
Golden Ratio/phi = = = 1.618
𝐵 7631.68

The proportion of distance between Mecca


and
South Pole to the distance between Mecca
and
North Pole is exactly 1.618 which is the
golden ratio.

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