RATIO

&PROPORTIONS
UNIT 2
 RATIO DEFINED

• A ratio is a fraction comparing

a quantity or measure in the
numerator to a quantity or
measure in the denominator
 EXAMPLE

• There are nine boxes which are divided

between a van a and a lorry. The van
carries three boxes, the lorry carries six
boxes. Represent this as a ratio in its
simplest form, and then as a
percentage.
 EXAMPLE

• The boxes are shared between the

van & the lorry in the ratio 3:6.
This can be simplified to become
• Hence the van carries 50% of the
load the lorry carries.
 ACTIVITY

• Change the following into a decimal

and a percentage.
a) 4:5 =
b) 3:20 =
c) 4:7 =
 ACTIVITY

•What is the Bafana

Bafana ratio of wins to
losses if they won 14 out
of 16 games?
 ACTIVITY

•If an employee was sick

on 6 of 96 work days,
what is his ratio of sick
days to days worked?
 ACTIVITY

•What is the ratio of 80 to

16 in its simplest form?
 ACTIVITY

•A primary school class

consists of 35 girls and
20 boys. What is the ratio
of girls to boys?
 PROPORTION DEFINED

• An equality of ratios is called

a proportion. Each ratio
gives rise to many pairs of
equal ratios.
 EXAMPLE

• In a class the ratio of males :

females is 1:2. If there are nine
males, how many females are
there?
 EXAMPLE

•M : F = M : F
•1 : 2 = 9 : ?
• So females
• OR So .
ACTIVITY
 ACTIVITY

•A student answered 27
out of 39 questions
correctly. What percent of
the answers were correct?
 ACTIVITY

•If 125 bolts cost R17.50,

how much do 50 bolts
cost?
 EXAMPLE

Norman and his daughter have won

R10 000 in a competition, which
cost 80c to enter. Norman paid 50c
and his daughter paid 30c. How
should they share the winnings?
 EXAMPLE

Adding the parts together = 5 + 3 = 8

So , which means that 1 part is R1250.00
Norman must have 5 parts: So
His daughter must have 3 parts: So
 EXAMPLE

Three partners, A, B and C invest money in a

small business. The amounts they invest are
R10 000, R12 000 and R6000 respectively. At
the end of the first year of trading, the total
profit of the business was R14 350. They each
receive profits in proportion to their investment.
How much does each partner receive?
 EXAMPLE
They invest in the ratio:
The total number of shares
A receives 5 shares
B receives 6 shares
C receives 3 shares
(Check: )
 EXAMPLE
They invest in the ratio:
The total number of shares
A receives 5 shares
B receives 6 shares
C receives 3 shares
(Check: )
 ACTIVITY

• A bank loaned R200 million to

consumers, R300 million to
business and R500 million to the
government. Find the percentage
share of each type of loan.
 ACTIVITY

• Concrete is mixed from cement and

aggregate in the ratio 2 parts cement
to 7 parts aggregate. How much
cement and aggregate are needed to
make 1400kg of concrete?
 ACTIVITY

• A tint of paint is obtained by

mixing red, orange and white
paint in the ratio . How much of
each colour is needed to make
up 30 litres of the required tint?
 ACTIVITY
• An electricity bill for a factory has to be divided on
the basis of the areas of three different sub-factories.
Sub-factory A has an area of
Sub factory B has an area of
Sub factory C has an area of
If the bill was R12 350, determine the amount that
each sub-factory has to pay.
 ACTIVITY

• The sum of R3000 is invested in

unit trusts for income and for
capital growth in the ratio .
How much is invested in each
type of trust?
 ACTIVITY

•Divide R3245 between

John, Thandi and Zodwa
in this order . How much
does each person receive?
 DIRECT PROPORTION
DEFINED
• Direct proportion is when two
quantities are directly related.
An increase in one quantity will
result in an increase in the other
and vice versa.
 EXAMPLE
John goes to shop to buy some nails. He sees that they
cost R7.50 for 100. For the job he is doing he requires
250. If he had some mathematical training he would think
that the quantity of nails he requires is times the basic
unit, therefore the cost will be times the basic unit.
Total cost =
John has used the fact that the cost is directly
proportional to the quantity.
 NOTE

• The formula for his problem

is:, where stands for cost,
for number of nails and is a
constant.
EXAMPLE (John’s problem
again)
So to buy 250
Nails, it will cost
us:
 EXAMPLE

Five similar books cost

R416.50. How much
will seven books cost?
 EXAMPLE

5 books cost R416.50

1 book costs
7 books cost
 EXAMPLE USING THE
FORMULA
, where stands for cost and stands
for the quantity.

So the cost for seven books will be:

 ACTIVITY

• Eight centimetres of snow contain as

much water as 0.75cm of rain. Rhodes
gets 4.425cm of snow each year. If the
snow had fallen as rain, find the
number of centimetres of rain
approximately.
 ACTIVITY

• The scale of a map reads .

Find the distance in
between two towns which
are apart on a map.
 ACTIVITY

•A ‘fruit cobbler’ is a type of

dessert which can be made with
plums. Some of the ingredients
to make this are as follows:
 ACTIVITY

• 825g of plums
• 225g of sugar
• 300g of self raising flour
• 75g of salted margarine
• Water as required
 ACTIVITY

• If the total mass of these ingredients is and

of water weighs :
a) Calculate the amount of water required in .
b) If only of plums were used, calculate the
proportion sugar and salted margarine
needed.
 ACTIVITY

• Suppose I can tile in 1 hour. How

long would it take to tile ?
 INVERSE PROPORTION
DEFINED
• Inverse proportion is when two
or more quantities are inversely
related. An increase in one
quantity will lead to a decrease
in the other and vice versa.
NOTE ON INVERSE PROPORTION

• The formula for any invers

proportion is : , where is a
constant and and are two
variables.
 EXAMPLE

Five identical machines take 20 hours

to complete production of an order for
machine parts. One machine breaks
down. How long will it now take to
produce a similar order?
 EXAMPLE

5 machines take 20 hours

1 machine would take hours
4 machines would take hours
 EXAMPLE MAKING USE OF THE
FORMULA

So
So if we have to find how long it takes 4
machines to produce the order:
hours.
 ACTIVITY

• Travelling at 30km/h it takes a car

four hours for a journey. How long
would the journey take at a speed
of 40km/h?