Bohua Math Olympiad Class

Divisibility
Kevin Yang and Stevie Chen
September 30, 2018
Thanks to: Xiao Zhang & Hannah Zhang
 Bohua Math Olympiad Team
• If you are interested in joining:
– Check email! I sent one out earlier today.
– Form needs to be signed by a school
administrator.
 Divisibility By 2, or 4, or 8
Divisibility by 2:
A number is divisible by 2 if the last digit is divisible by 2.
 Any number ends in 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8, it is divisible by 2.
 All even numbers are divisible by 2.

Practice: Is 12345 divisible by 2? No

Divisibility by 4:
If the last two digits of the Number is divisible by 4, it is divisible by 4.
Practice: Is 23456 divisible by 4? Yes

Divisibility by 8:
If the last 3 digits of the Number is divisible by 8, it is divisible by 8.

Practice: Is 65432 divisible by 8? Yes

 Divisibility by Powers of 2
N is divisible by: If :
2 (=21) Last digit of N is divisible by 2
4 (=22) Last 2 digits of N is divisible by 4
8 (=23) Last 3 digits of N is divisible by 8
16 (=24) Last 4 digits of N is divisible by 16
32 (=25) Last 5 digits of N is divisible by 32
2m Last m digits of N is divisible by 2m

Practice: Can 1,403,280 marbles be packaged in boxes that each contain 16 marbles with none
left over?

Answer: Yes

Last 4 digits of 1,403,280 is 3280, which is divisible by 16

 1,403,280 is divisible by 16

 all marbles can be packaged in boxes with none left over!

 Divisibility By 3 or 9

Divisibility by 3:
If the sum of the digits of the Number is divisible by 3, it is divisible by 3.

Example: Is 123 divisible by 3?

Sum of the digits = 1 + 2 + 3 = 6, which is divisible by 3  123 is divisible by 3

Practice: Is 654321 divisible by 3? Yes

Divisibility by 9:
If the sum of the digits of the Number is divisible by 9, it is divisible by 9.

Example: Is 621 divisible by 9?

Sum of the digits = 6+2+1 = 9, divisible by 9  621 is divisible by 9

Practice: Is 12321 divisible by 9? Yes

 Practice (1)

Practice-1: Is 987654 divisible by 4? No

Practice-2: Is 345678 divisible by 8? No

Practice-3: Replace the missing digit in blank so that the resulting number is divisible by 9:
_54,321

Sum of last 5 digits = 5+4+3+2+1 = 15

Missing digit + 15 has to be divisible by 9
 Answer: 3
 Divisibility By 5, or 10

Divisibility by 5:
If the last digit of the Number is 0 or 5, it is divisible by 5.

Example: Is 345 divisible by 5?

Last digit of 345 is 5  345 is divisible by 5

Practice: Is 987 divisible by 5? No

Divisibility by 10:
If the last digit of the Number is 0, it is divisible by 10.

Example: Is 34560 divisible by 10?

Last digit is 0  34560 is divisible by 10

Practice: Is 45678 divisible by 10? No

 Divisibility By 6

Divisibility by 6:
If the Number is divisible by 2 and by 3, it is divisible by 6.

Example: Is 654 divisible by 6?

654 is an even number  654 is divisible by 2
6+5+4 = 15, divisible by 3  654 is divisible by 3
So, 654 is divisible by 6

Practice #1: Is 726 divisible by 6? Yes

Practice #2: Is 961 divisible by 6? No

 Combined Divisibility
Divisibility by M:
If M can be factored to P x Q (no common factor between P and Q),
and the number N (N>M) is divisible by both P and Q, then N is
divisible by M.

Example: Is 6354 divisible by 18?

Factorize 18: 18 = 2 x 9
6354 is an even number  6354 is divisible by 2
Sum of digits = 6+3+5+4 = 18, divisible by 9  6354 is divisible by 9
So, 6354 is divisible by 18.

Practice-1: Is 1254 divisible by 12? No

Practice-2: Is 2565 divisible by 15? Yes

 Practice (2)

A five-digit number that is divisible by 6 is to be formed. What is the

largest possible number that can be formed if four of its digits are 3, 5,
7, and 9? (MATHCOUNTS 1994 State Team #3)

This five-digit number has to be divisible by 2 and 3

Divisible by 2  Last digit has to be an even digit

 The first 4 digits from left have to be formed by 3, 5, 7, 9
 The largest possible number will be 9753X, and X is even

Divisible by 3  sum of all digits (9+7+5+3+X) divisible by 3

 (24+X) divisible by 3
 X could be 0 or 6

So the largest possible number is 97536

 Practice (3)

If all multiples of 4 and all multiples of 5 are removed from the set of
integers from 1 through 100, how many integers remain? (MATHCOUNTS 1992 Chapter Sprint #9)

# of multiples of 4 in 1 ~ 100: 100/4 = 25

# of multiples of 5 in 1 ~ 100: 100/5 = 20

# of multiples of both 4 and 5 in 1 ~ 100: 100/(4x5) = 5

So the number of remain integers = 100 – 25 – 20 + 5 = 60

 Divisibility By 11

Divisibility by 11:
If the difference between the sum of odd-place digits and the sum of
even-place digits is divisible by 11, this number is divisible by 11.

Example: Is 9273 divisible by 11? Yes

even places: sum = 9 + 7 = 16

9273 Difference = 16 – 5 = 11
odd places: sum = 2 + 3 = 5  Divisible by 11!

Practice: Is 91806 divisible by 11? Yes

even places: sum = 1 + 0 = 1

91806 Difference = 23 – 1 = 22
odd places: sum = 9 + 8 + 6 = 23  Divisible by 11!
 Practice (4)

Is it possible to use each of the digits from 1 through 9 exactly once to

create a nine-digit prime number? Why or why not?

A prime number is a natural number greater than 1 that has no positive divisors
other than 1 and itself.

Answer: No

No matter how the digits are arranged, the sum 1+2+3+…+8+9

is equal to 45, a multiple of both 3 or 9
 the nine-digit number is divisible by 3 and 9
 the nine-digit number is NOT a prime number
 Homework #1 and #2
1). There are 40 students in Mr. Smartman’s class. 30 like lettuce and 20 like chocolate. Each student likes
at least one of the two foods. How many students like both lettuce and chocolate?

35 30 20
(30-X) + X + (20-X) = 40
30-X X 20-X  X = (30+20) – 40
 X = 10
Lettuce Chocolate

2). In a class of Somewhere Middle School, there are 10 students who are bored and sleeping, 16 students
who are not bored or sleeping, 32 students who are bored, and 34 students who are sleeping. How many
students are there in the class?

16

22 10 24 Total students in the class = 16 + 22 + 10 + 24 = 72

H F
 Homework #3 and #4
3). A furniture dealer in Dusty World has 60 couches in his store. If 20 of the couches are velvet
and 24 of the couches are red, and 22 of the couches are neither velvet nor red, how many red
velvet couches are on the lot?
60 20 24
(20-X) + X + (24-X) + 22 = 60
20-X X 24-X  X = (20+24+22) – 60
X=6
velvet red  there are 6 red vans on the lot
22

4). 800 college students were asked in a survey if they had Samsung or iPhone brand smartphones. 300
students claimed that they had iPhone brand smartphones. One third as many of the students who had
iPhones, had both iPhone and Samsung smartphones. 240 students had neither iPhone nor Samsung
smartphones. How many students had Samsung phones?

240
Students preferred Windows to Mac
160 100 300 = 800 – 240 – 300
= 260
Samsung iPhone
 Homework #5 and #6
5). Of the 78 children who participate in the talent competition of FunVille, 40 sing, 44 act, and 36 paint. Of
these, 26 sing and act, 22 act and paint, 14 paint and sing, and 10 sing, paint and act. How many children
only paint?
sing
10

16 4 10 children only paint

10
6 12 10

act paint

6). In a recent survey people were asked if they played piano, violin, or trumpet. The results were 73 played piano, 51
played violin, 27 played trumpet, and 2 played none of these instruments. Also, 10 played all three instruments, 33 had
played both piano and violin, 18 played only violin, and 5 played both piano and trumpet but not violin.
(1) How many people had been surveyed?
(2) How many people played exactly two instruments?

2 Trumpet
12 (1) Total people surveyed:
= 2+12+5+10+0+35+23+18
5 0 = 105
10 (2) Played exactly 2 instruments:
35 18 = 5 + 0 + 23
23
= 28
Piano Violin
 Optional Homework
312132
Or
231213

Friday

4 dimes d + n = 16
12 nickels 10d + 5n = 100

(X-1) divisible by 4
57 (X-2) divisible by 5
(X-3) divisible by 6

B1-#12