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Cell Transport Powerpoint

The cell membrane separates the inside of the cell from the outside environment and regulates what passes in and out through passive and active transport. Passive transport includes diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis, which move molecules from high to low concentration without energy. Active transport requires energy to move molecules from low to high concentration against the gradient through protein pumps. The cell membrane and cell wall help maintain homeostasis in the cell.

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285 views22 pages

Cell Transport Powerpoint

The cell membrane separates the inside of the cell from the outside environment and regulates what passes in and out through passive and active transport. Passive transport includes diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis, which move molecules from high to low concentration without energy. Active transport requires energy to move molecules from low to high concentration against the gradient through protein pumps. The cell membrane and cell wall help maintain homeostasis in the cell.

Uploaded by

kiran giri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cell Membrane (Transport) Notes

Cell Membrane and Cell Wall:


• ALL cells have a cell membrane made of proteins and lipids
protein channel

Layer 1
Cell
Membrane Layer 2

lipid bilayer protein pump

• SOME cells have cell membranes and cell walls – ex: plants, fungi
and bacteria
Cell
Membrane

Cell Wall
• Plant cells have a cell wall
made of cellulose – that
cellulose is fiber in our diet

• Bacteria and fungi also


have cell walls, but they
do not contain cellulose

• Cell membranes and cell


walls are porous allowing
water, carbon dioxide,
oxygen and nutrients to
pass through easily
Function of the Cell Membrane:
• Cell membrane separates the components of a cell
from its environment—surrounds the cell
• “Gatekeeper” of the cell—regulates the flow of
materials into and out of cell—selectively permeable
• Cell membrane helps cells maintain homeostasis—
stable internal balance
Passive Transport
A process that does not require energy to move
molecules from a HIGH to LOW concentration

 Diffusion

 Facilitated Diffusion

 Osmosis
• Diffusion is the movement of small particles across a
selectively permeable membrane like the cell membrane
until equilibrium is reached.

These particles move from an area of high concentration


to an area of low concentration.

outside of cell

inside of cell
• Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a selectively
permeable membrane like the cell membrane

Water diffuses across a membrane from an area of high


concentration to an area of low concentration.

Semi-permeable
membrane is
permeable to water,
but not to sugar
• Facilitated Diffusion is the movement of larger
molecules like glucose through the cell membrane –
larger molecules must be “helped”
Proteins in the cell membrane form channels for large
molecules to pass through
Proteins that form channels (pores) are called protein
channels

Glucose molecules
outside of cell

inside of cell
Click
Hypertonic Solutions: contain a high concentration of solute
relative to another solution (e.g. the cell's cytoplasm). When
a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, the water diffuses
out of the cell, causing the cell to shrivel.

Hypotonic Solutions: contain a low concentration of solute


relative to another solution (e.g. the cell's cytoplasm). When
a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, the water diffuses
into the cell, causing the cell to swell and possibly explode.

Isotonic Solutions: contain the same concentration of solute


as another solution (e.g. the cell's cytoplasm). When a cell is
placed in an isotonic solution, the water diffuses into and
out of the cell at the same rate. The fluid that surrounds the
body cells is isotonic.
Click
Active Transport
Active transport is the movement of molecules from LOW to HIGH
concentration.
Energy is required as molecules must be pumped against the
concentration gradient.
Proteins that work as pumps are called protein pumps.
Ex: Body cells must pump carbon dioxide out into the surrounding
blood vessels to be carried to the lungs for exhale. Blood vessels are
high in carbon dioxide compared to the cells, so energy is required
to move the carbon dioxide across the cell membrane from LOW to
HIGH concentration.
outside of cell Carbon Dioxide
molecules

inside of cell
ANALOGY:

ENERGY NEEDED:
Active Transport

NO ENERGY NEEDED:
Diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated Diffusion
• Endocytosis and Exocytosis is the mechanism by which
very large molecules (such as food and wastes) get into
and out of the cell

Food is moved into the


cell by Endocytosis

Wastes are moved out


of the cell by
Exocytosis
Ex: White Blood Cells, which are part of the immune
system, surround and engulf bacteria by endocytosis.

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