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Staphylococcus

This document summarizes information about the genus Staphylococcus. It describes Staphylococcus as low G+C, cocci that form grapelike clusters and are catalase positive and oxidase negative. It identifies the most common and important Staphylococcus species, including S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus. It discusses the cell wall structure and describes the locations where Staphylococcus normally reside as flora or can cause disease opportunistically. It also summarizes several virulence factors, toxins, and the diseases associated with major Staphylococcus species.

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Aliyah Saja
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456 views28 pages

Staphylococcus

This document summarizes information about the genus Staphylococcus. It describes Staphylococcus as low G+C, cocci that form grapelike clusters and are catalase positive and oxidase negative. It identifies the most common and important Staphylococcus species, including S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus. It discusses the cell wall structure and describes the locations where Staphylococcus normally reside as flora or can cause disease opportunistically. It also summarizes several virulence factors, toxins, and the diseases associated with major Staphylococcus species.

Uploaded by

Aliyah Saja
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Staphylococcus

Staphylococceae family
 Low G + C
 Cocci (spheres)
 Grapelike clusters
3 planes
1 micrometer diameter
 FA
 Nonmotile, NSF
 Halotoerant
 Catalase (+)
 Oxidase (-)
 +/- fermentation
Staphylococcus species
 61 species
 Important
 S. aureus
 S. epidermidis
 S. saprophyticus
 S. pseudointermedius
 Others
 S. haemolyticus
 S. capitus
 S. hominis
 S. xylosis
 S. warneri
Most common Staph. causing
diseases
S. aureus  Produce coagulase

S. epidermidis Coagulase negative


S. saprophyticus staphylococcus

S. capitis
S. haemolyticus
Cell Wall
Location
 Ubiquitous
 Normal flora
Skin
Mouth
Nose
Throat
 Predisposing factors
Immunosuppression
Concurrent disease
AB resistance
Epidemiology
 Normal microbiotica
 Direct transmission
 Portal of Entry
Hair follicle
Break in skin
Respiratory
 Complications
Bacteremia
Septecemia
Abscess
Cytological Sample
Pathogenesis
 Immune evasion
Slime layer biofilm
(microcapsule)
Evades phagocytosis
Protein A on cell wall
Binds to IgG @ Fc
Blocks opsonization
 Adhesin proteins
Binds to
fibrin/fibrinogen
Binds to ECM
laminin
fibronectin
collagen
Enzymes

Coagulase
Catalase
Hyaluronidase
Lipase
Beta lactamase
Staphylokinase
(plasminogen activator)
Proteases
DNase
FAME (fatty acid
modifying enzyme)
Staphylococcus Toxins
 Cytolytic Toxins
Alpha = β hemolysis
Beta = sphingomyelinase
Delta
Gamma
Leukocidin = hemolysis
Leukotoxin = WBC destruction
 Exfoliative toxin
ETA and ETB
Protease & esterase activity
 Toxic Shock toxins
 Enterotoxins (A-E)
Virulence Factors Summary
Staph aureus
 Location
 Mucous membranes
 Moist areas
 Diseases
 Noninvasive
 Food poisoning
 Enterotoxin (V/D)
 Cutaneous
 Scalded skin
 Impetigo
 Folliculitis
 Boils, styes, furunculosis
 Systemic
 Soft tissue infections
Systemic Staph. aureus infections
 TSS
 Bacteremia
 Endocarditis
 Pneumonia
 Meningitis
 Osteomyelitis
 Septic arthritis
 UTI
 Phlebitis
Staphylococcal disease summary
S. aureus
 Dx
Isolation
DDx MRSA/VRSA
 Tx
AB based on culture
 Prevention
Wound cleansing
Hand washing
MRSA
 Hosptial associated
 Community assoc.
AMA/CDC poster
VRSA

vanA operon from enterococcus changes cell wall tripeptide sequence


Opportunistic Staph pathogens

 S. capitis
 S. epidermidis
 S. saprophyticus
 S. xylosis
S. epidermidis
 Location
 Normal skin flora
 opportunistic pathogen
 Skin/wound infections
 Endocarditis
 UTI
 Exposure
 Direct contact
 Newborns
 Elderly
 Fomites
 Catheters
 Shunts
 IV needles
 Prosthetics
S. saprophyticus
 Pathogenesis
Fimbria
Adhesion proteins
Autolysins
 Diseases
UTI/cystitis
Peritonitis
Enopthalmitis
Endocaritis
Septic arthritis
S. xylosus
 Commensal
 Industry
 Ferment meat
 Red color of sausage
 Ferment milk
 Orange color of cheese
 Pathogenicity
 Biofilms
 Enterotoxins
 Disease
 Nosocomial
 UTI
 Food poisoning (raw)
S. capitis

 Epidemiology
Skin microbiotica
Head predominantly
 Pathogenicity
Coagulase (-)
AB resistance
 Diseases
Valvular endocarditis
Neonatal septicemia
Osteomyelitis
S. pseudointermedius

 Animal microbiotica
 Epidemiology
Zoonotic
Enterotoxins
+/- coagulase
 Diseases
Pyoderma (animals)
Food poisoning
Rapid Staph test
Questions?

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