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Engineering Physics: Optical

This document provides an overview of optical fibers and fiber optic technology. It discusses the key components of a fiber optic communication system including light sources, transmission medium, and optical receivers. It describes how total internal reflection allows light to be guided along the fiber. The document also covers different fiber types, splices and connectors, and the advantages of optical fibers such as high data rates and long transmission distances.

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49 views20 pages

Engineering Physics: Optical

This document provides an overview of optical fibers and fiber optic technology. It discusses the key components of a fiber optic communication system including light sources, transmission medium, and optical receivers. It describes how total internal reflection allows light to be guided along the fiber. The document also covers different fiber types, splices and connectors, and the advantages of optical fibers such as high data rates and long transmission distances.

Uploaded by

ravi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Government College of

Engineering & Research


Avasari

 Engineering Physics

 Optical Fibres

 Ravi Sanjiv Shinde


. F.E-E&TC (18131050)
Name of Faculty – Dr. U.S.Kakde
INDEX
 Introduction to Optic Fibres
 Fibre Optic Technology
 Sources of Light
 Transmission Medium
 Types of Optical fibres
 Splices and Connectors
 Optical Recievers
 Advantages of Optical Fibres
Introduction to Fiber
Optics
What are optical fibers

 Thin strands of pure glass


 Carry data over long distances
 At very high speeds
 Fiber can be bent or twisted
Fiber optic technology
 Sources
 Transmission medium
 Detectors

Fig: The fiber optic communication system


Sources of light
 Light emitting diodes
 Lasers
Sources
 Modulate electrical signals into
optical signals
 Mostly modulate at 850nm, 1300nm
and 1550 nm
 Lasers give high intensity, high
frequency light
 LEDs are economical
Transmission medium
 Optical fiber is replacing copper
 Light is used as the carrier of
information
 Much higher data rate

The optical fiber


Physics of optical fibers
 Index of refraction of material : ratio
of speed of light in vacuum to speed
of light in medium
 Refraction of light : bending of
light as it travels from one
media to another
Refraction of light
 Speed of light
changes as it
across the
boundary of
two media
 Angles w.r.t
normal
Refraction Indices
 Vacuum…….1.00000 (exactly)
 Air ……1.00029
 Alcohol ......1.329
 Diamond ...... 2.417
 Glass ........ 1.5
 Ice ....... 1.309
 Sodium Chloride (Salt) .... 1.544
 Sugar Solution (80%) ........ 1.49
 Water (20 C) ................ 1.333
Snell’s Law

 Critical angle: Angle of incidence at which


angle of refraction = 900
Total internal reflection
 Trapping light in the fiber
Fibers can be bent!!

Fig: Illustration of total internal reflection


Types of optical fibers
 Single mode
 only one signal can be transmitted
 use of single frequency

 Multi mode
 Several signals can be transmitted
 Several frequencies used to modulate
the signal
Losses in optical fibers
 Attenuation loss
 Dispersion loss
 Waveguide loss
Splices and Connectors
 To connect to fibers mechanically or
by fusion
 Lot of signal loss possible
 Very accurate alignment necessary
 Most important cost factor
 Now being replaced by optical
amplifiers
Optical Receivers
 Must be very sensitive
 Capable of picking up and amplifying
signals of nanowatts
 Photodiodes and phototransistors
 These devices get ‘turned ON’ by
light
 Produce photocurrent
Advantages of optical fibers
 Can carry much more information
 Much higher data rates
 Much longer distances than co-axial
cables
 Immune to electromagnetic noise
 Light in weight
 Unaffected by atmospheric agents
Thank You

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