A Seminar Report on

3D PRINTING

Presented By:
Sourabh Sunil Raorane.
T.E PRODUCTION
Guided By:
Prof. A.S.DARUR
CONTENTS
 Introduction.
 History.
 3D Printing Processes.
 Components of 3D Printer.
 Working of 3D Printing.
 Vat Photopolymerization.
 Stereolithography(SLA).
 Advantages.
 Disadvantages.
 Applications.
 Future Advances.
 Conclusion.
 INTRODUCTION
What is 3D Printing?
3D printing, also known as additive manufacture, is a process of constructing 3D
physical objects from digital models through successive layer-by-layer deposition
of materials such as plastics, metal, ceramics, or even living cells.
In 3D printing process, the object is created by laying down successive layers and
these layers can be seen as a thinly sliced horizontal cross-section of the eventual
object.
3D printed objects can have a very complex shape or geometry and are always
produced starting from a digital 3D model or a CAD file.
3D printing technology is rapidly evolving with advances in materials thus
enabling greater realism and higher accuracy, this in turn enables new medical
applications.
Some of the 3D printing materials used are ABS( Acrylonitrile Butadiene
Styrene), resin, ceramic and gypsum.
 HISTORY
 The technology for printing physical 3D objects from digital data was first
developed by Charles Hull in 1984.
 He named the technique as Stereo lithography and obtained a patent for the
technique in 1986.
 By the end of 1980s, other similar technologies such as Fused Deposition
Modeling(FDM) and Selective Laser Sintering(SLS) were introduced.
 In 1993, Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT) patented another
technology, named as “3D Printing techniques” which is similar to the inkjet
technology used in 2D printers.
 In 1996, three major products, “Genisys” from Stratasys, “Actua 2100” from
3D systems and “Z402” from Z corporation, were introduced.
 In 2005, Z Corp. launched a breakthrough product, named Spectrum Z510,
which was the first high definition color 3D printer in the market.
 In 2010, Urbee is the first 3D printed prototype car presented.
 In 2011, Cornell University began to build 3D food printer.
 In 2012, first prosthetic jaw is printed and implanted.
 Daniel Kelly’s lab announces being able to 3D print bone.
 3D Printing Processes
 There are many 3D printing processes, that can be grouped into seven
categories:
(1) Vat photopolymerization.
(2) Material jetting.
(3) Binder jetting.
(4) Powder bed fusion.
(5) Material extrusion.
(6) Directed energy deposition.
(7) Sheet lamination.
 The most commonly used 3D printing process is a material extrusion
technique called Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM).
 Components of 3D Printer
 The types of 3D Printers depends upon the type of processes used for
3D printing e.g. Stereolithography, Selective Laser Sintering,
Laminated Object Manufacturing, etc.
 The components of 3D printers are as follows:
1. Z Resolution- Layer Thickness.
2. Build Area.
3. Filament.
4. Hot End.
5. Nozzle.
6. Extruder(Direct and Bowden).
7. Print Bed(Heated/Non Heated).
8. Bed Surfaces.
9. Bed Leveling.
10. Hobbed and Idler Gears.
11. Frame.
12. Enclosures.
13. Mother Board/ Controller Board.
14. LCD Screen.
 Working of 3D Printer
 The 3D printing process of any printer can be simplified into a series of
basic steps:
1. Step 1: Creating 3D models in 3D modeling software's (CAD software)
or using a 3D scanner.
2. Step 2: Conversion of the CAD-based models and designs into a
language format that’s compatible with 3D printers i.e. STL format.
3. Step 3: Interpretation of STL file design.
4. Step 4: Once the STL file is ready for printing, the machine need to be
checked for the required materials and placement configurations.
5. Step 5: The machine proceeds to process the STL file and fabricate the
object that’s been designed.
6. Step 6: Removal of the printed object from the printer bed surface.
7. Step 7: Processing the obtained object to bring it to the required shape
and size.
 Vat Photopolymerization
 Vat Polymerization is a 3D printing process where a photo-polymer
resin in a vat is selectively cured by a light source.
 The two most common forms of Vat Polymerization are:
1. Stereolithography(SLA).
2. Digital Light Processing(DLP).
The fundamental difference between these types of 3D
printing technology is the light source they use to cure the resin.

◦
 Stereolithography (SLA)
 SLA holds the historical distinction of being the world’s first 3D printing
technology.
 SLA is an additive manufacturing process that works by focusing an
ultraviolet (UV) laser on to a vat of photopolymer resin.
 Photopolymers are sensitive to UV light , so the resin is photochemically
solidified and forms a single layer of the desired 3D object.
 Then, the built platform lowers one layer and a blade recoats the top of the
tank with resin.
 This process is repeated for each layer of the design until the 3D object is
complete.
 Completed parts must be washed with a solvent to clean wet resin off their
surfaces.
 Most SLA printers use a solid state laser to cure parts.
 The disadvantage to these type of 3D printing technology is using a point
laser is that it can take longer to trace the cross-section of an object when
compared to DLP.
SLA Process
 Advantages of 3D Printing
 Single step manufacture.
 Affordability.
 Constant prototyping and increased production.
 Customization.
 Storage.
 Employment Opportunities.
 Complexity and design freedom.
 Ease of access.
 Risk mitigation.
 Disadvantages of 3D Printing
 Decrease in Manufacturing Jobs.
 High Energy Consumption.
 Harmful Emissions.
 Limited Size.
 Limited Raw Materials.
 Violation of Copyrights.
 Production of Dangerous Items.
 Applications
 3D printing is widely used in industrial design, automotive, aerospace,
military, dental and medical industries, biotech(human tissue replacement),
fashion, jewelry, education, food, and many other fields.
 3D printing also plays vital role in automotive industry. Urbee is the first
car in the world whose bodywork and car windows were printed using 3D
printing.
 3D printing is utilized by air forces to print spare parts for planes. In 2015,
a Royal Air Force Eurofighter Typhoon fighter jet flew with printed parts.
 Medical Applications:
1. 3D printed instruments are used in various surgeries.
2. In March 2014, surgeons in Swansea used 3D printed parts to rebuild
the face of a motorcyclist who had been seriously injured in road
accident.
3. In 2013, Chinese scientists began printing ears, livers and kidneys,
with living tissue.
 Future Advances
 Innovations in Printing Speed.
 Innovations in Direct-Metal Printing.
 Bioprinting.
 3D printed vaccines.
 3D printing in the construction industry.
 3D printing and robotics.
 Conclusion
In a lot of industries, 3D printing provides countless benefits. However,
it is not going to replace traditional manufacturing. It is still an
emerging technology with some disadvantages that need to be
considered when selecting a product development method. It seen as a
process complement to traditional manufacturing. It’s unique
capabilities can be used to improve product design and manufacture
entirely new products with complex shapes.
REFERENCES
 https://www.3dhubs.com/knowledge-base/introduction-sla-3d-printing
 https://3dprinting.com/what-is-3d-printing/
 http://my3dconcepts.com/explore/main-components-of-desktop-3d-
printers/
 https://all3dp.com/1/3d-printing-technology/
THANK YOU