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The XOR Gate: The XOR Gate Produces A HIGH Output Only When The Inputs Are at Opposite Logic Levels. The Truth Table Is

The document discusses XOR gates and their truth table. It also discusses parity checking by adding an extra parity bit to ensure data transmission has an even or odd number of 1s. It provides examples of adding parity bits and describes how to build parity generators and checkers using logic gates.

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50 views8 pages

The XOR Gate: The XOR Gate Produces A HIGH Output Only When The Inputs Are at Opposite Logic Levels. The Truth Table Is

The document discusses XOR gates and their truth table. It also discusses parity checking by adding an extra parity bit to ensure data transmission has an even or odd number of 1s. It provides examples of adding parity bits and describes how to build parity generators and checkers using logic gates.

Uploaded by

MAHESHWARAN .A A
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A X A =1 X

The XOR Gate


B B
The XOR gate produces a HIGH output only when the
inputs are at opposite logic levels. The truth table is
Inputs Output
A B X
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0

The XOR operation is written as X = AB + AB.


Alternatively, it can be written with a circled plus sign
between the variables as X = A + B.

© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
Application #3: Parity Checking
Parity checking is a method of error detection for
simple transmission errors involving one bit. A parity bit
is an “extra” bit attached to a group of bits to force the
total number of 1’s to be either even (even parity) or
odd (odd parity).
The ASCII character for “a” is 1100001 and for “A” is
1000001. What is the correct bit to append to make both of
these have odd parity?
The ASCII “a” has an odd number of bits that are equal to 1;
therefore the parity bit is 0. The ASCII “A” has an even
number of bits that are equal to 1; therefore the parity bit is 1.

© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
ODD Parity
• In ODD parity, when we add the bits together disregarding
weight we get or want to get an odd number.
0000 is a four bit message add a
Parity parity bit to make it odd
bit 10000 Odd parity is satisfied
00011001 is an eight bit message add a
parity bit to make it odd
000011001 Odd parity is satisfied
EVEN parity
 In EVEN parity when we add the bits together disregarding
weight we get or want to get an even number.
0000 is a four bit message add a
parity bit to make it even
Parity 00000 Even parity is satisfied
bit
00011001 is an eight bit message add a
parity bit to make it even
100011001 Even parity is satisfied
Parity Generators

• To implement parity checking, we need


circuitry on the transmitter that generates
the parity bit for each group of bits being
sent. This circuitry is called a parity
generator.

• Next slide shows how to build 4-bit even or


odd parity generators.
How to design Parity Generators
 Use exclusive ORs and Exclusive NORs
Parity Checkers

• On the receiver, we need circuitry that checks the


data bits and parity bit as they’re received to
decide whether an error has occurred during
transmission. This circuitry is called a parity
checker.
• Next slide shows how to build a 4-bit-plus-
parity even parity checker.
How to design Parity Checker

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