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Proving Identities and Other Applications

This document provides guidelines and examples for proving trigonometric identities. It begins by listing learning objectives related to simplifying trig expressions and proving identities. It then provides guidelines for proving identities, such as working with one side first or multiplying the numerator and denominator by the same expression. The rest of the document works through examples of proving various trig identities step-by-step. These include identities involving cotangent, secant, cosecant, and tangent functions.

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Jonnifer Quiros
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207 views13 pages

Proving Identities and Other Applications

This document provides guidelines and examples for proving trigonometric identities. It begins by listing learning objectives related to simplifying trig expressions and proving identities. It then provides guidelines for proving identities, such as working with one side first or multiplying the numerator and denominator by the same expression. The rest of the document works through examples of proving various trig identities step-by-step. These include identities involving cotangent, secant, cosecant, and tangent functions.

Uploaded by

Jonnifer Quiros
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROVING IDENTITIES AND OTHER

APPLICATIONS
Learning Objectives
1. simplify trigonometric expressions
2. prove other trigonometric identities
3. solve situational problems involving trigonometric
identities
Proving Identities
Few guidelines:

• You may begin with one side of the equation then derive
the other side.
• You may work on both sides of the equation independently
until you reach a common expression.
• Converting everything in terms of sine and cosine may
shed some light.
Proving Identities
Few guidelines:

• Usually, it is better to work with the more complicated side


first.
• A usually useful trick when fractions are involved is
multiplying the numerator and the denominator of the
fraction by the same expression.
• Never transpose terms or cross-multiply.
Prove
cot x cot y − 1
cot x + y =
cot x + cot y
1
=
tan(x+y)
1−tan x tan y
=
tan x+tan y
sin x sin y
1− cot x cot y
cos x cos y
= 1 1 ∙
+ cot x cot y
cot x cot y
𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝐱 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝐲−𝟏
=
𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝐱+𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝐲
Prove
sin θ 1 + cos θ
=
1 − cos θ sin θ
sin θ 1+cos θ
= ∙
1−cos θ 1+cos θ
sin θ(1+cos θ)
=
1−cos2 θ
sin θ(1+cos θ)
=
sin2 θ
𝟏+𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝛉
=
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝛉
Prove
1 + tan2 x
2 csc 2x =
tan x

2 2 𝟏
2 csc 2x = = =
sin 2x 2sin x cos x 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱

1 + tan2 x cos x sin x


= cot x tan x = +
tan x sin x cos x
2 2
cos x sin x 𝟏
= =
sin x cos x 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱
7 2 π
If cos 2α = , sin β = − , tan β > 0, and < α < π,
25 13 2
find cos(2β − α)

cos(2β – α) = cos 2β cosα + sin 2β sinα

Since tan β > 0 and sin β < 0, we must have cos β < 0
4 3
cos β = − 1 − sin2 β =− 1− =−
13 13
2 5 12
cos 2β = 1 − 2 sin β = sin 2β = 2 sin β cos β =
13 13
7 2 π
If cos 2α = , sin β = − , tan β > 0, and < α < π,
25 13 2
find cos(2β − α)

cos(2β – α) = cos 2β cosα + sin 2β sinα


π 2α
Since < α < π, sin α > 0 and cos α < 0. Since α =
2 2

1−cos 2α 3 1+cos 2α 4
sin α = = cos α = − = −
2 5 2 5
5 4 12 3
cos(2β – α) = +
13 5 13 5
𝟏𝟔
=
𝟔𝟓
Exercises
Prove the following identities:
cot x
1. csc x
= cos x
2. sec x csc x = tan x + cot x
1−tan2 x
3. cot 2x =
2tan x
csc x+cot x
4. sin x+tan x
= cot x csc x
cot x
1. = cos x
csc x
cos x
cot x sin x
= 1
csc x
sin x
cos x sin x
= ∙
sin x 1
= cos x
2. sec x csc x = tan x + cot x
sin x cos x
tan x + cot x = +
cos x sin x
sin2 x+cos2 x
=
cos x sin x
1
=
cos x sin x
1 1
= ∙
cos x sin x
= sec x csc x
1−sin2 x
3. cot 2x =
2tan x
cos 2x
cot 2x =
sin 2x
cos 2x−sin 2x
=
2 cos x sin x

sin x 2
1−tan2 x 1− cos x
= sin x
2tan x 2
cos x
cos2 x−sin2 x cos x
= ∙
cos2 x 2 sin x
cos2 x−sin2 x
=
2 cos x sin x
csc x+cot x
4. = cot x csc x
sin x+tan x
1 cos x
csc x+cot x +
sin x sin x
= sin x
sin x+tan x sin x+cos x
1+cos x cos x
= ∙
sin x sin x cos x+sin x
cos x
=
sin2 x

cos x 1
cot x csc x = ∙
sin x sin x
cos x
= 2
sin x

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