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Catalytic Cracking: Farah Nadiah Binti Sidek KKE 18004

This document discusses catalytic cracking, which is a petroleum refinery process that uses catalysts under heat and pressure to break down heavy oil molecules into lighter molecules like gasoline. It describes the functions of catalytic cracking including the reaction, regeneration of the catalyst, and fractionation of products. It also describes three main types of catalytic cracking: fluid catalytic cracking, moving bed catalytic cracking, and thermofor catalytic cracking.

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Bhinitha Chandrasagaran
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88 views8 pages

Catalytic Cracking: Farah Nadiah Binti Sidek KKE 18004

This document discusses catalytic cracking, which is a petroleum refinery process that uses catalysts under heat and pressure to break down heavy oil molecules into lighter molecules like gasoline. It describes the functions of catalytic cracking including the reaction, regeneration of the catalyst, and fractionation of products. It also describes three main types of catalytic cracking: fluid catalytic cracking, moving bed catalytic cracking, and thermofor catalytic cracking.

Uploaded by

Bhinitha Chandrasagaran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CATALYTIC CRACKING

FARAH NADIAH BINTI SIDEK

KKE 18004
INTRODUCTION

 Petroleum refinery process in which heavy oil is passed


through metal chambers (called catalytic crackers or cat
crackers) under pressure and high temperature in the
presence of catalysts such as alumina, silica, or zeolites. This
boiling breaks up heavy, large, and more complex long-
chain oil molecules into lighter, smaller, and simpler short-
chain molecules such as those of gasoline.

 Cracking of petroleum hydrocarbons was originally done by


thermal cracking, which has been almost completely
replaced by catalytic cracking because it produces more
gasoline with a higher octane rating.
FUNCTION OF CATALYTIC CRACKING

 REACTION: feedstock reacts with catalyst and cracks into


different hydrocarbons .

 REGENERATION: catalyst is reactivated by burning off


coke

 FRACTIONATION: cracked hydrocarbons stream is


separated into various products.
TYPES OF CATALYTIC CRACKING
FLUID CATALYTIC CRACKING(FCC)

 Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is one of the most important


conversion processes used in petroleum refineries. It is widely
used to convert the high-boiling, high- molecular weight
hydrocarbon fractions of petroleum crude oils to more
valuable gasoline and other products.

 Oil is cracked in the presence of a finely divided catalyst,


which is maintained in an aerated or fluidized state by the
oil vapors

 The catalyst section contains the reactor and regenerator,


which, with the standpipe and riser, form the catalyst
circulation unit. The fluid catalyst is continuously circulated
between the reactor and the regenerator.
MOVING BED CATALYTIC CRACKING

 The moving bed catalytic cracking process is similar to


the FCC process .

 The catalyst is in the form of pellets that are moved


continuously to the top of the unit by conveyor or
pneumatic lift tubes to a storage hopper then flow
downward by gravity through the reactor and finally to a
regenerator.
THERMOFOR CATALYTIC
CRACKING(TCC)

 In a typical thermofor catalytic cracking unit , the


preheated feedstock flows by gravity through the
catalytic reactor bed .

 The vapors are separated from the catalyst and sent to a


fractionating tower .

 The spent catalyst is regenerated , cooled, and recycled


.The flue gas from regeneration is sent to a carbon
monoxide boiler for heat recovery.
Thank You

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