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Kinematics of Machines

This document discusses gears and gear kinematics. It begins with an overview of power transmission and defines a gear. It then describes the main types of gears based on shaft positioning: parallel (spur and helical), intersecting (bevel), and non-parallel/non-intersecting (worm). Examples of applications for each gear type are provided. The document concludes with definitions of key gear geometry terms and equations for diametral pitch and module.

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52 views17 pages

Kinematics of Machines

This document discusses gears and gear kinematics. It begins with an overview of power transmission and defines a gear. It then describes the main types of gears based on shaft positioning: parallel (spur and helical), intersecting (bevel), and non-parallel/non-intersecting (worm). Examples of applications for each gear type are provided. The document concludes with definitions of key gear geometry terms and equations for diametral pitch and module.

Uploaded by

hanumantharaya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Gear

Kinematics of Machines

1
CONTENTS
•POWER TRANSMISSION

•GEAR

•TYPES OF GEARS

•NOMENCLATURE
 Power transmission is the movement of energy from its
place of generation to a location where it is applied to
performing useful work

 A gear is a component within a transmission device that


transmits rotational force to another gear or device
1. According to the position of axes of the
shafts.
a. Parallel
1.Spur Gear
2.Helical Gear
3.Rack and Pinion
b. Intersecting
Bevel Gear
c. Non-intersecting and Non-parallel
worm and worm gears
 Teeth is parallel to axis of
rotation
 Transmit power from one
shaft to another parallel shaft
 Used in Electric screwdriver,
oscillating sprinkler, windup
alarm clock, washing machine
and clothes dryer
 The teeth on helical gears are cut at an angle to the face of
the gear
 This gradual engagement makes helical gears operate
much more smoothly and quietly than spur gears
 One interesting thing about helical gears is that if the
angles of the gear teeth are correct, they can be mounted
on perpendicular shafts, adjusting the rotation angle by 90
degrees
 To avoid axial thrust, two
helical gears of opposite
hand can be mounted side by
side, to cancel resulting
thrust forces

 Herringbone gears are


mostly used on heavy
machinery.
 Rack and pinion gears are
used to convert rotation (From
the pinion) into linear motion
(of the rack)

 A perfect example of this is the


steering system on many cars
 Bevel gears are useful when the direction of a shaft's
rotation needs to be changed
 They are usually mounted on shafts that are 90
degrees apart, but can be designed to work at other
angles as well
 The teeth on bevel gears can be straight, spiral or
hypoid
 locomotives, marine applications, automobiles,
printing presses, cooling towers, power plants, steel
plants, railway track inspection machines, etc.
 Worm gears are used when large gear reductions are
needed. It is common for worm gears to have
reductions of 20:1, and even up to 300:1 or greater
 Many worm gears have an interesting property that
no other gear set has: the worm can easily turn the
gear, but the gear cannot turn the worm
 Worm gears are used widely in material handling and
transportation machinery, machine tools, automobiles
etc
Stick shift

Synchronizers

The gear box is in first gear, second gear


13 13
 Pitch surface: The surface of the imaginary rolling cylinder
(cone, etc.) that the toothed gear may be considered to replace.
 Pitch circle: A right section of the pitch surface.
 Addendum circle: A circle bounding the ends of the teeth, in a
right section of the gear.
 Root (or dedendum) circle: The circle bounding the spaces
between the teeth, in a right section of the gear.
 Addendum: The radial distance between the pitch circle and
the addendum circle.
 Dedendum: The radial distance between the pitch circle and
the root circle.
 Clearance: The difference between the dedendum of one gear
and the addendum of the mating gear.
 Diametral pitch (Pd): The number of teeth of a gear unit pitch
diameter. The diametral pitch is, by definition, the number of
teeth divided by the pitch diameter. That is,

Where N
Pd 
Pd = diametral pitch D
N = number of teeth
D = pitch diameter

 Module (m): Pitch diameter divided by number of teeth. The


pitch diameter is usually specified in inches or millimeters; in
the former case the module is the inverse of diametral pitch.
m = D/N
Thank You

17

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