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L-1, Introduction and Classification of Gears

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9 views18 pages

L-1, Introduction and Classification of Gears

Uploaded by

Naveen Choudhary
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Subject Name: Kinematics of Machinery

Introduction and Classification of Gears

Department of Mechanical Engineering, NIT Patna, India


◾ Introduction to Gears
◾ Gear Materials
◾ Types of Gears
◾ Design of Gears according to
their Types
◾ Advantages And Disadvantages
◾ Applications
Introduction to Gears
 Power transmission is the movement of energy from its place of generation to a
location where it is applied to performing useful work

 A gear is a component within a transmission device that transmits rotational force to


another gear or device
 A gear is a rotating machine part having cut teeth, which mesh with another toothed
part to transmit torque.

Geared devices can change the speed, torque, and direction of a power source.

The teeth on the two meshing gears all have the same shape.

 Gears almost always produce a change in torque, creating a mechanical advantage,


through their gear ratio, and thus may be considered a simple machine.
Gear Materials
The material used for the manufacture of gears depends upon the strength
and service conditions like wear, noise etc. The gears may be manufactured
from metallic or non-metallic materials. The metallic gears with cut teeth are
commercially obtainable in cast iron, steel and bronze. The nonmetallic
materials like wood, raw hide, compressed paper and synthetic resins like
nylon are used for gears, especially for reducing noise.

The cast iron is widely used for the manufacture of gears due to its good
wearing properties, excellent machinability and ease of producing
complicated shapes by casting method. The cast iron gears with cut teeth
may be employed, where smooth action is not important.

The steel is used for high strength gears and steel may be plain carbon steel
or alloy steel. The steel gears are usually heat treated in order to combine
properly the toughness and tooth hardness.
The phosphor bronze is widely used for worm gears in order to reduce wear of
1. According to the position of axes of
the shafts.
a. Parallel
 1.Spur Gear
 2.Helical Gear
 3.Herringbone Gear
 4.Rack and Pinion
b. Intersecting
 Bevel Gear
c. Non-intersecting and Non-parallel
 worm and worm gears
These gears have teeth parallel to the
axis of the wheel

 Teeth is parallel to axis of


rotation
 Transmit power from one
shaft to another parallel
shaft
 Used in Electric screwdriver,
oscillating sprinkler, windup
alarm clock, washing
machine and clothes dryer
 The teeth on helical gears are cut at an
angle to the face of the gear
 This gradual engagement makes helical
gears
operate much more smoothly and quietly
than spur gears
 One interesting thing about helical gears is
that if the angles of the gear teeth are
correct, they can be mounted on
perpendicular shafts, adjusting the rotation
angle by 90 degrees.
 Helical Gear is used in Automobile gear box
The double helical gears are known as
herringbone gears.

 To avoid axial thrust, two


helical gears of opposite
hand can be mounted side by
side, to cancel resulting
thrust forces

 Herringbone gears are


mostly used on heavy
machinery.
 Rack and pinion gears are
used to convert rotation
(From the pinion) into
linear motion (of the rack)

A perfect example of
this is the steering
system on many cars
 Bevel gears are useful when the direction of a
shaft's rotation needs to be changed
 They are usually mounted on shafts that are 90
degrees apart, but can be designed to work at other
angles as well
 The teeth on bevel gears can be straight, spiral or
hypoid
 locomotives, marine applications, automobiles,
printing presses, cooling towers, power plants, steel
plants, railway track inspection machines, etc.
 A worm drive is a cylindrical gear with a shallow spiral thread
that engages the worm gear in a non- intersecting,
perpendicular axes configuration.
 Worm gears are used when large gear reductions are needed. It is common for
worm gears to have reductions of 20:1, and even up to 300:1 or greater
 The gear ratio is the "size of the worm gear - to - 1"
 The worm can easily turn the gear, but the gear cannot turn the worm
 Typical worm drives can only be turned in one direction
due to self-locking depends on the lead angle, the pressure angle, and the
coefficient of friction
 Worm gears are used widely in material handling and transportation
machinery, machine tools, automobiles etc
 One of the newest designs for differentials is called the Torsen differential. It
uses a combination of worms and worm gears that make each wheel
independent of the other wheels. These differentials are found in Hummers,
large earth-moving vehicles and some off-road vehicles.
Classification of Gears

1. According to the position of axes of the shafts. The axes of the two shafts between which
the motion is to be transmitted, may be
(a) Parallel, (b) Intersecting, and (c) Non-intersecting and non-parallel.

2. According to the peripheral velocity of the gears. The gears, according to the peripheral
velocity of the gears may be classified as :
(a) Low velocity, (b) Medium velocity, and (c) High velocity.
The gears having velocity less than 3 m/s are termed as low velocity gears and gears having
velocity between 3 and 15 m/s are known as medium velocity gears. If the velocity of gears is more
than 15 m/s, then these are called high speed gears.

3. According to the type of gearing. The gears, according to the type of gearing may be
classified as :
(a) External gearing, (b) Internal gearing, and (c) Rack and pinion.

4. According to position of teeth on the gear surface. The teeth on the gear surface may be
(a) straight, (b) inclined, and (c) curved.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Gear Drive

The following are the advantages and disadvantages of the gear drive as
compared to belt, rope and chain drives :

Advantages
1. It transmits exact velocity ratio.
2. It may be used to transmit large power.
3. It has high efficiency.
4. It has reliable service.
5. It has compact layout.
Disadvantages
1. The manufacture of gears require special tools and equipment.
2. The error in cutting teeth may cause vibrations and noise during
operation.

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