CLASS:XI ECONOMICS

INFRASTRUCTURE
CREATED BY~GROUP 8 OF CLASS 11-C
Members: Aditi, Amogh,
Vishakha,Vasu and Krish
 CONTENTS
I. INTRODUCTION TO
INFRASTRUCTURE
II. DIVISIONS
III. IMPORTANCE OF
INFRASTRUCTURE
IV. PROSPECTS IN INDIA
V. ENERGY
VI. HEALTH
VII. CONCLUSION
 Infrastructure refers to all such
services and facilities, which are needed
to provide different kinds of services in
an economy and which are essential in
raising the place of economic growth of
a country.
It contributes to economic development
of a country both by raising the
INTRODUCTION productivity of factors of production and
improving the quality of life of its
people.
It provides supporting services in the
main areas of industrial and agricultural
production, domestic and foreign trade
and commerce.
 Social Infrastructure

• It improves quality of human resource.

• It contributes to economic processes indirectly
and from outside the system of production and
distribution
• E.g. educational institutions, hospitals, sanitary
conditions and housing facilities, etc.
BROAD DIVISIONS OF
INFRASTRUCTURE Economic infrastructure

• It improves the quality of economic resource.

• These helps in the process of production
directly.
• E.g. transportation, communication,
energy/power, etc.
 Raises Productivity
With improved roadways, warehouses etc farmers
can easily sell their products in different markets.
Also irrigation facilities has reduced dependence
on monsoon for water needs, which not only
increases productivity but also production level.

Induces Investment
Low investment points to low level of production
Importance of and backwardness of an economy. A well
developed infrastructure attracts foreign investors.
Infrastructure in Which gives investment avenues and profitable
Development ventures.

Generates Linkages in Production

Better means of transport and communication,
robust system of banking and finance generates
better inter-industrial linkages. It is a situation when
expansion of one industry facilitates the expansion
of the other.
 Enhances Size of the Market
Infrastructure enhances the size of the market
as large scale of production can capture more
market.

Enhances Ability to Work

Social infrastructure increases the quality of
life of workers, thereby increasing their
Importance of efficiency. Health care centres, educational
institutions and other such facilities inherit
Infrastructure in skills which increases ability and efficiency to
Development work.

Facilities Outsourcing
India is emerging to be a global destination
for all kinds of outsourcing. For example, call
centres, study centres, medical,ETC.
 Some economists have projected that India will
become the third biggest economy in the world,
a few decades from now. For that to happen,
India will have to boost its infrastructure
investment.
In an economy as the income rises, requirement
of infrastructure will change. For low income
countries, basic infrastructure services like
irrigation, transport and power are more
important. On the contrary the developed
Future economies require more service related to
Prospects in infrastructure. That is why, share of power and
telecommunication infrastructure is greater in
India high income countries.
Thus, development of infrastructure and
economic development go hand in hand.
Obviously, if proper attention is not paid to
infrastructure development, economic
development will be severely affected.
In this ppt, we will focus only two kinds of
infrastructure, those associated with energy and
health.
 ENERGY
oINTRO
oSOURCES
oPOWER/ELECTRICITY
oCHALLENGES TO POWER SECTOR
  Energy is a critical aspect of development
process of a nation. It is essential for
industries, agriculture and related areas
like production and transportation of
fertilisers, pesticides and farm equipment.
It is also required in house for cooking,
household lighting and heating etc.

INTRO
 Commercial sources
• Coal
• Electricity

Non-commercial sources
• Firewood
• Agricultural Waste
Sources of
Energy Conventional sources
• Natural Gas
• Petroleum

Non-conventional sources
• Solar Energy
• Tidal Energy
  The most visible form of energy, which is
often identified with progress in modern
civilisation, is power, commonly called
electricity. It is a critical component of
infrastructure that determines the
economic development of a country.
Power/  The growth rate of demand for power is
Electricity generally higher than the GDP growth
rate.
 India’s energy policy encourages two
energy sources; hydel and wind, as they
do not rely on fossil fuel and hence,
avoid carbon emissions and are
renewable in nature. It has resulted in
faster growth of electricity produced
from there two sources.
 Consumption Pattern of Energy
in India

ENERGY 24% COMMERCIAL

ENERGY
CONSUMPTION
IN INDIA 76% NON-
COMMERCIAL
ENERGY
 Consumption Pattern of
Commercial Energy in India

Consumption COAL
9% 3%
Pattern of
OIL
Commercial
Energy in India 33% 55% Natural Gas

Hydro
Energy
 There is a use of solar energy on large scale
in Thane city. The use of solar energy, which
was considered a somewhat far fetched
concept, has bought in real benefits and
results in cost and energy saving, In this city,
solar energy is being applied to heat water,
power traffic signals and advertising
hoardings.
Solar Energy
Usage In
Thane

The experiment is lead by Thane Municipal

Corporation. It has made compulsory for all
new buildings in the city to install solar
water heating system.
 • Insufficient
installed capacity
1

• Under utilisation of
capacity
2
Challenges in
the Power • Shortage of raw
Sector materials
3

• Transmission and
distribution losses.
4
 HEALTH
oINTRO
oINDIA’S HEALTHCARE SYSTEM
oCHALLENGES
  Health is an important component of social
infrastructure. It is the holistic process related
to the overall growth and development of the
nation.
 Scholars assess people’s health by taking into
account indicators like infant mortality and
maternal mortality rate, life expectancy and
nutrition levels.
 Development of health infrastructure ensures a
country about healthy manpower for
INTRO production of goods and services
INDIA’S
HEALTHCARE
SYSTEM
 PRIMARY HEALTHCARE

• Maternal and child health care

• Immunisation against major infectious
diseases
• Provision of essential drugs

Secondary Healthcare

• Health care institutes having better

INDIA’S facilities for surgery, X-ray, ECG (Electro
Cardio Graph) are called secondary
HEALTHCARE healthcare institutes

SYSTEM Tertiary Healthcare

• This sector also includes many premier

institutes which impart quality medical
education and conduct research but along
with specialised health care.
• In tertiary sector, there are the hospitals
which have advanced level equipment and
medicines and undertake all the
complicated health problems
  Now-a-days foreigners visit India for
surgeries,liver transplants, dental and even
cosmetic care etc, the reason is, our health
gervices combine latest medical technologies
with qualified professionals and is cheaper for
foreigners as compared to costs of similar health
care services in their own countries.
 In 2004-05, as many as 150000 foreigners visited
India for medical treatment, this figure is likely to
increase by 15% each year.
POTENTIAL  Health infrastructure can be upgraded to attract
OF MEDICAL more foreigners to India.

TOURISM IN  ISM has huge potential and can solve a large part
of our health care problems because they are
INDIA effective, safe, and inexpensive.
 • Unequal distribution of
health care services.
1

• Poor upkeep of govt. health

centres
Health as an 2
Emerging • Increasing privatisation of
Challenge health services.
3

• Poor sanitation Level

4
 CONCLUSION
Infrastructure, both economic and social ,is essential for the development of a
country .As a support system it directly influences all economic activities by
increasing the productivity of the factors of production and improving the quality of
life . In the last six decades of independence ,India has made considerable progress
in building its infrastructure ,nevertheless , it distribution is uneven. Many parts of
rural India are yet to get good roads, telecommunication, and hospitals. As India’s
moves towards modernisation ,the increase in demand for quality infrastructure,
keeping in mind their environmental impact will have to be addressed. While
assessing the infrastructure-Energy and Health- it is clear that there is scope for equal
access to infrastructure for all