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Force Continuum

The document provides guidelines for security guards on appropriate levels of force in different situations. It outlines a 6-level force continuum from presence to lethal force. It discusses self-defense under Philippine law and arrest procedures. The levels of force allowed depend on factors like unlawful aggression, necessity, and provocation based on the Revised Penal Code. Guards must only use the minimum force necessary to control a situation safely.

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Derek Punes
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2K views13 pages

Force Continuum

The document provides guidelines for security guards on appropriate levels of force in different situations. It outlines a 6-level force continuum from presence to lethal force. It discusses self-defense under Philippine law and arrest procedures. The levels of force allowed depend on factors like unlawful aggression, necessity, and provocation based on the Revised Penal Code. Guards must only use the minimum force necessary to control a situation safely.

Uploaded by

Derek Punes
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OBJECTIVE:

To educate all guards on how and


when to use the force against the
opponents in order to avoid possible
problems due to inefficient and
unprofessional handling of the situation.
What is force continuum?

A use of force continuum is a


standard that provides law enforcement
officials & security personnel (such as
police officers, military, corrections
officers and guards) with guidelines as to
how much force may be used against a
resisting subject in a given situation.
Situation:
Guards or Officer face a situation where he
require to take a criminal into custody or
defend themselves against them.

The security guard/officer is fully equipped with a


handgun, baton, pepper spray, and handcuffs. Of
course, the guards/officer would have to be properly
licensed, hold necessary permits, be fully trained, and
only carry legal and authorized weapons.

QUES TION: How much force is allowed to use in order


to protect yourself or your establishment?
TOPICS TO BE DISCUSSED:

 SIX (6) LEVEL OF FORCE CONTINUUM

 ART. 11 OF THE REVISED PENAL CODE


Requisites of Self-Defense

Justifying Circumstances to exempt from Criminal Liability


 RULE 113 ON THE RULE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
Procedure in Conducting Arrest

What To Do After Doing An Arrest?

Rights of the Suspect


Six Cardinals of arresting the shoplifter

 RULES OF ENGAGEMENT
Six Level of Force Continuum
L1: OFFICER/GUARD PRESENCE
No force is used. Considered the best way to resolve a
situation.

L2: VERBAL COMMUNICATION


Force is not-physical. Tenor of voice must be calm and
non-threatening to avoid of escalation of the
situations.

L3: EMPTY-HAND CONTROL


Officers/Guards use bodily force to gain control of a
situation.
L4: WEAPONLESS DEPENSIVE TACTICS
Officers use less-lethal technologies to gain control of
a situation.

L5: IMPACT DEPENSIVE WEAPONS


To temporarily incapacitate the perpetrators to gain
control of the situation while waiting for an
assistance.

L6: POTENTIALLY LETHAL FORCE/DEADLY FORCE


Using of lethal weapons if the perpetrators poses
danger to anybody or fear of death is
immediate/imminent.
Article 11 of the Revised Penal Code
Justifying Circumstances and Circumstances which exempt from
Criminal Liability
Art 11. Justifying circumstances.
1. Anyone who acts in defense of his person or rights provided that
the circumstances concur;
1st. Unlawful aggression
2nd. Reasonable necessity of the means employed to prevent or repel it.
3rd. Lack of sufficient provocation on the part of the person depending
himself.
2. Anyone who acts in defense of the person or rights of his spouse,
ascendants, descendants, or legitimate, natural or adopted brothers or
sisters, or his relatives by affinity in the same degrees and those consan-
guinity within the fourth civil degree, provided that first and second
requisites prescribed by law are present, and in case the provocation was
given by the person attacked, that the one making defense had no part
therein.
3. Anyone who acts in defense of the person or rights of a stranger provided
that the first and second requisites prescribed by law are present and that
the person defending be not induced by revenge, resentment, or other evil
motive.

4. Any person who, in order to avoid an evil or injury, does not act which
causes damage to another, provided that requisites are present;
1st. That the evil sought to be avoided actually exist;
2nd. That the injury feared be greater than that done to avoid it;
3rd. That there be no other practical and less harmful means of pre-
venting it.

5. Any person who acts in the fulfillment of a duty or in the lawful exercise
of a right or office.

6. Any person who acts in obedience to an order issued by a superior for some
lawful purpose.
Rule 113 on the Rules of Criminal Procedure
Arrest
is the taking of a person into custody in order that he may be bound
to answer for the commission of an offense.

How to arrest?
An arrest is made by an actual restraint of a person to be arrested,
or by his submission to the custody of the person making the arrest.
No violence or unnecessary force shall be used in making an arrest.
The person arrested shall not be subject to a greater restraint than
is necessary for his detention.

Elements in Making Arrest?


a) When, in his presence, the person to be arrested has committed, is
actually committing, or is attempting to commit an offense;

(b) When an offense has just been committed and he has probable cause to
believe based on personal knowledge of facts or circumstances that the
person to be arrested has committed it; and
Shoplifter
You must see the shoplifter approach your merchandise
You must see the shoplifter select your merchandise
You must see the shoplifter conceal or carry away or convert your
merchandise
You must maintain continuous observation the shoplifter
You must see the shoplifter fail to pay for the merchandise
You must approach the shoplifter outside of the store

What To Do After Doing an Arrest?


Must be brought to the security office for proper disposition and then
deliver to the nearest police station without unnecessary delay.
Rights of the suspect
1. The right to be presumed innocent until proven guilty
2. The right to be informed of the nature of his charges
3. The right to have counsel preferably of his own choice
4. To testify as a witness of his own trial
5. To exempt from being compelled to be a witness against himself
What is Rules of Engagement (RoE)

refers to those responses that are permitted in the employment of


force in dealing with any situation. It dictates when, where and
whom against this force may be used what forms of actions are
appropriate and acceptable.

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