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Artificial Intelligence (Ai) & Expert Systems: Ruchi Sharma

The document discusses artificial intelligence (AI) and expert systems. It defines intelligence and describes how AI aims to program computers to behave intelligently by learning, reasoning, understanding language and situations. Expert systems are defined as systems that use knowledge to perform difficult tasks like a human expert. They contain a knowledge base and inference rules. Knowledge engineering is used to build expert systems by representing knowledge through schemes like semantic nets and rules and choosing reasoning methods.

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50 views12 pages

Artificial Intelligence (Ai) & Expert Systems: Ruchi Sharma

The document discusses artificial intelligence (AI) and expert systems. It defines intelligence and describes how AI aims to program computers to behave intelligently by learning, reasoning, understanding language and situations. Expert systems are defined as systems that use knowledge to perform difficult tasks like a human expert. They contain a knowledge base and inference rules. Knowledge engineering is used to build expert systems by representing knowledge through schemes like semantic nets and rules and choosing reasoning methods.

Uploaded by

teddy demissie
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)

&
EXPERT SYSTEMS

Ruchi Sharma
ruchisharma1701@gmail.com
Ruchi Sharma ruchisharma1701@gmail.com http://www.wiziq.com/tutor-profile/376074-Ruchi
Contents

 Intelligence – The integral part of AI

 Artificial Intelligence – General Idea

 AI – Some Applications

 Knowledge – Formal definitions

 Knowledge - Meaning

 Knowledge – Types

 Expert Systems - Concept

 Expert Systems – Properties

 Building Expert Systems – Knowledge Engineering

Ruchi Sharma ruchisharma1701@gmail.com http://www.wiziq.com/tutor-profile/376074-Ruchi


Intelligence – The integral part of AI

Intelligence, in general, is a blend of

 the ability to learn quickly


 the ability to exercise thought and reason
 the ability to plan, solve problems, think abstractly
and comprehend complex ideas
 the ability to acquire, understand, retain and apply
knowledge
 the knowledge we acquire through experience,
perception, imagination and activities as reading,
writing etc.

Ruchi Sharma ruchisharma1701@gmail.com http://www.wiziq.com/tutor-profile/376074-Ruchi


Artificial Intelligence – General Idea

AI aims at

 programming computers to behave intelligently


 making the computers capable of
 learning new concepts & tasks
 reason & draw useful conclusions about the real
world situations and/or things
 understand a natural language
 observe and/or understand a given situation
 exhibit human type intelligent behaviour as and
when required

Ruchi Sharma ruchisharma1701@gmail.com http://www.wiziq.com/tutor-profile/376074-Ruchi


Artificial Intelligence – Some Applications

AI finds application in

 Medicine – diagnosing, prescribing treatment and


monitoring patient response
 Planning and scheduling – commercial tasks as
scheduling of flights, personnel, manufacturing process
planning etc
 Finance – to detect fraud (as in case of credit cards) &
analyzing risk and/or advising for financial
transactions
 Transportation – features as automatic gearboxes in
automobiles

Ruchi Sharma ruchisharma1701@gmail.com http://www.wiziq.com/tutor-profile/376074-Ruchi


Knowledge – Formal definitions

Knowledge can be defined as

 Acquaintance with facts, truths or principles as acquired from

study or investigation

 Expertise and skill acquired through experience or education

 Acquisition of facts and information

 Body of accumulated facts and principles

Ruchi Sharma ruchisharma1701@gmail.com http://www.wiziq.com/tutor-profile/376074-Ruchi


Knowledge – meaning

Knowledge is having a familiarity with language, concepts,

procedures, rules, ideas, abstractions, places, customs, facts and

associations, coupled with an ability to use* these notions

effectively in different aspects of world.

* - The ability to use the facts is the most important aspect as

without this, the acquired concepts are of no use.

Ruchi Sharma ruchisharma1701@gmail.com http://www.wiziq.com/tutor-profile/376074-Ruchi


Knowledge - Types

Knowledge can be categorized broadly into three types :

 Procedural - compiled knowledge related to the performance of a

task. e.g. – steps to solve an algebraic equation

 Declarative – passive knowledge expressed as statements of facts.

e.g. – employee data stored in a company’s database

 Heuristic – strategies/tricks/rules of thumb acquired with

experience & used to simplify the solutions of problems

Ruchi Sharma ruchisharma1701@gmail.com http://www.wiziq.com/tutor-profile/376074-Ruchi


Expert Systems - Concept

 Expert system is a system that depends on a rich base of

knowledge & possess expert inference capability in a

particular domain to perform difficult task(s)

 An expert system has two principle parts

 Knowledge base(KB) – contains both factual and heuristic

knowledge

 Inference-control unit – a collection of inference programs

to use the knowledge contained in the KB & draw

conclusions

Ruchi Sharma ruchisharma1701@gmail.com http://www.wiziq.com/tutor-profile/376074-Ruchi


Expert Systems - Properties

An expert system

 tries to simulate human reasoning capability about a specific

domain

 use knowledge rather than data to control the solution process

 is capable of explaining how a particular conclusion was

reached

Ruchi Sharma ruchisharma1701@gmail.com http://www.wiziq.com/tutor-profile/376074-Ruchi


Building Expert Systems – Knowledge Engineering

A knowledge engineer builds an expert system. The engineer

need to

 Choose one or more forms in which to represent the required

knowledge. The common knowledge representation schemes are

 Semantic nets

 Frames

 Predicate logic

 Rule based systems

 Choose a number of reasoning or inference methods that the

expert system can use while delivering the output

Ruchi Sharma ruchisharma1701@gmail.com http://www.wiziq.com/tutor-profile/376074-Ruchi


Ruchi Sharma ruchisharma1701@gmail.com http://www.wiziq.com/tutor-profile/376074-Ruchi

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