ANALYSIS AND Members-

COMPARATIVE STUDY • Apoorv Singh

(R260216011)

OF • Kanwar Singh Sidhu

(R260216021)
• Srishty Thareja

DRINKING WATER (R260216044)

QUALITY Under the guidance of

• Mr. Abhishek Nandan
• Mr. Prasenjit Mondal
AIM Analysis and Comparative
Study of Drinking Water
Quality
SCOPE

ENTIRE PROJECT WAS BIS STANDARDS WERE

DONE WITHIN THE TIME CHOSEN FOR
PERIOD OF 5 MONTHS COMPARISON
(JANUARY-MAY)

SAMPLES WERE MITIGATION METHODS

COLLECTED FROM WERE SUGGESTED.
DIFFERENT LOCATIONS
OF DEHRADUN
 To study and assess drinking water quality parameter accordance to
Indian Standard.

To analyse and compare different water quality parameter from

various drinking water sources. (Dehradun)

To suggest mitigation measures to uplift the drinking water quality

parameter based on the analysed data.

OBJECTIVE
METHODOLOGY

Availability of Taken Samples of Taken Samples of

Selection of
Chemicals and Pakaged Water Water from
Parameters suitable
Apparatus in HSE available in Different Locations
for Drinking Water
LAB Dehradun in Dehradun

Results and
Sample Analysis Comparison Chart
Discussion
LITERATURE REVIEW
N.B.Prakash, VimalaSokan, P. Jayakaran (Mar 2014) carried out a study on “Waste Water Treatment by Coagulation and Flocculation”. This experiment is done for the river
water only. Coagulation and flocculation processes are used to remove suspended particles from water. As the suspended particles are negatively charged, the oppositely
charged coagulant is added to mix with water in order to neutralize the particles. It will form flocs and due to increasing density of particles, it will settle down. Optimum pH
based on turbidity was obtained as 7.0 and optimum alum dosage was noted as 120 mg/L. Alum was found to be more efficient with removal percentage of 98.9 under an
optimum condition.

Arun K. Vuppaladadiyam, Sowmya V., PallaviDasgupta (2013) carried out “Comparative Study on Coagulation Process for Vellore Municipal Drinking Water Using Various
Coagulants”. Alum works best at pH 7.5 with an optimum dosage of 45mg/L for the efficient removal of turbidity, total dissolved solids. Moringaoleifera seed extract does
not prove to be an effective coagulant in terms of TDS, organic carbon and total coliform.

B.G. Mahendra, Madhusudhan C (Nov 2013) carried out “Comparative study on the performance of coagulants in water treatment”. The characteristics of a water sample
collected from riverBhima were found to be pH – 7.28, total solids – 496.25 mg/L, alkalinity – 32.25 mg/L and turbidity – 155 NTU. Coagulant CM1 is found to be good
coagulant for all the turbidity values with least dosage to remove 100% turbidity. CM1 has the wider range of pH suitability and works satisfactorily over a pH range of 5.0
to 9.0 over other coagulants considered for the study. The cost per unit weight of CM1 is less than both C2 and C3, but more than C1. The cost of coagulant required for
treating 1 million liters of water is least for C1 even with its higher dosage requirement over CM1

Alexandra E.V. Evans, Yunlu Jiang, Munir A. Honjra, ManzoorQadir, Pay Drechsel (June 2014) carried out the study on “Water Quality: Assessment of the current situation
in Asia”. Water quality gets damaged due to generation of wastewater and inadequate treatment and management of the wastewater. Nearly 90% of untreated waste is
pumped into the river in Asian countries as well as in another globe also. It is difficult to find out the particular problems in the certain region. Mekong River Commission is
facilitating, monitoring across social boundaries. Population growth, waste management and urbanization in that particular region mostly affect the quality of water.
LITERATURE REVIEW (CONT)
Dr. N.C. Gupta, Ms. ShikhaBisht, and Mr. B.A. Patra carried out Physico-chemical analysis of drinking water quality from 32 locations in Delhi grown into a
popular city. In this study, we collected 32 drinking water samples throughout Delhi. By using Indian Standards, different parameters were examined to find
out their suitability for drinking purposes. During this examination mainly the physic-chemical parameters were taken into consideration.

Abraham Douglas. R. Cataylo and Maria Estephanie E. Leyva Carried out Comparative Study between MO seed and Aluminum sulfate on the Effect on pH
and Turbidity Removal. Measuring its pH and the turbidity did an investigation of the effectiveness of the coagulant. He found that both MO and alum
showed that they were equally effective in terms of turbidity. But in terms of pH, MO was more preferred to alum. Thus, MO could be effective as compared
to alum. The result showed that alum and MO seed coagulant lowers the initial turbidity of the sample water and for MO; treated water is having pH in the
range of 7-8. Thus, there is a need of the promotion of this coagulant as it is sustainable, appropriate and effective for water treatment.

Sneha S. Phadatare& Prof. Sagar M. Gawande carried out Assessment of Seasonal Variation in Quality of Water Bodies. After the study of different
research work, they conclude from the discussion that present scenario of the study area, reasons behind variation of parameters, quality of water, health
issues arises or already present in study area also the remedial measures for less contamination. Water bodies taken for analysis purpose were checked for
suitability in the form of drinking purpose and other utilities domestic use, agricultural use, industrial use, etc.

O.A. Ojo, S.B.Bakare, A.O. Babatunde (Dec 2009) carried out a study on “Microbial & Chemical Analysis of Potable water in public water supply within
Logas University, OJO”. Chemical analysis of water includes the test of find out Alkalinity, Acidity, Total hardness, and Ca& Mg hardness. The pH was
found as 5.5. The level of iron, calcium, and magnesium in circulating drinking water was found to be far below the WHO limits. In a laboratory of Logas
experiments were carried out for isolation of E-coli, general coliforms, yeast. As the quantity of microbial in water increased, it will create spoilage and
gives an adverse effect on the pipeline and other equipment.
DRINKING WATER STANDARDS: IS
10500:2012
PARAMETERS Desirable Limit Permissible Limit
Conductivity 250 µS Nil
Chloride 250 (mg/L) 1000 (mg/L)
Alkalinity 200(mg/L) Nil
Turbidity 5 NTU 10 NTU
Lead 0.1 mg/l Nil
Iron 0.3 mg/l Nil
Copper 0.05 mg/l Nil
TDS 500 1500
Hardness 300 2000
pH 6.5 8.5
 MATERIALS REQUIRED
Parameters Equipment/Instrument Apparatus Required Chemicals Required
Required
pH pH meter Beaker Buffer solution of 4,7,10.
Deionized water
Conductivity Conductivity Meter Beaker Standard Solution of KCl,
Deionized water
Turbidity Turbidity Meter, Cupped Turbidity-free water, hydrazine sulphate,
hexamethylenetetramine,
Analytical Balance Beaker
TDS & TSS Oven, Analytical Balance Funnel, Beaker, Conical Flask, Filter Paper, Deionized water
Chloride NIL Burette, Pipette, Funnel, Beaker, Conical Flask, Glass Rod, Measuring Silver Nitrate
Cylinder Deionized water ,Potassium Chromate
Alkalinity NIL Burette, Pipette, Funnel, Beaker, Conical Flask, Glass Rod, Measuring Sulphuric Acid
Cylinder Phenolphthalein
Methyl Orange
Deionized Water
Lead AAS Measuring Cylinder, Beaker, Conical Flask Standard Solution of Lead
Deionized Water
Copper AAS Measuring Cylinder, Beaker, Conical Flask Standard Solution of Copper
Deionized Water
Iron AAS Measuring Cylinder, Beaker, Conical Flask Standard Solution of Iron
Deionized Water
Hardness NIL Burette, Pipette, Funnel, Beaker, Conical Flask Ammonium Chloride
 Parameter BISLERI AQUAFINA CATCH PANCHAMRIT BIBO RAILNEER
pH 7.70 8.33 7.38 7.31 7.65 7.64
Conductivity(µS) 112.0 8.45 157.9 203 37.7 134.1
Chloride (mg/L) 71.97 30.99 66.97 52.98 71.97 84.97
Alkalinity 136 36 446 688 124 80
TDS (mg/L) 0 0 200 200 0 0
TSS (mg/l) 0 120 100 140 140 108
Lead (mg/L) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
Copper (mg/L) 0.0053 0.0273 0.0160 0.0073 0.0175 0.0140
Iron (mg/L) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
Turbidity (NTU) 0 5 0 0 2 0
Hardness 0 0 114 202 124 80

RESULT & DISCUSSION

 Parameter Dunga Bhauwala Sudhuwala Prem Panditwari Kaulagarh ISBT Rispana
Nagar
pH 7.21 7.32 7.32 7.26 7.23 7.18 7.19 7.21
Conductivity(µS 53.4 217 142.3 207 525 370 778 386
)
Chloride (mg/L) 47.98 43.98 31.99 33.98 36.98 44.98 42.98 24.99

Alkalinity 146 244 466 642 720 1000 1200 982

TDS (mg/L) 0 200 0 0 200 200 400 200
TSS (mg/l) 180 140 200 120 60 200 80 540
Lead (mg/L) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
Copper (mg/L) 0.0148 0.0196 0.0340 0.0243 0.0240 0.0280 0.0305 0.0092

Iron (mg/L) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
Turbidity 5 1 2 0 0 7 3 14
(NTU)
Hardness 14 176 146 218 346 410 21.1 27.8

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

FINDINGS AND 8.6
pH

MITIGATION 8.4

MEASURES 8.2
8.33

Findings: All the samples 8

were found to be in the 7.8

range of 6.5-8.5 7.7

7.6 7.65 7.64

7.4
7.38
7.31 7.32 7.32
7.2 7.26
7.21 7.23 7.21
7.18 7.19

6.8

6.6
FINDINGS AND 900
Conductivity

MITIGATION
MEASURES
800

778

700

Findings: Drinking Water Samples

600
of Panditwari, Kaulagarh, ISBT
and Rispana were found to have
conductivity more than desirable 500 525

limits.
400
Mitigation Measures: 370
386

300
By the use of –
Distillation 200 217
203 207

Ion Exchanger 157.9

134.1 142.3
100
112
Reverse Osmosis 8.45 37.7 53.4
0
FINDINGS AND 90
Chloride

MITIGATION 84.97

MEASURES
80

70 71.97 71.97

66.97
Findings: All samples were found to
60
be below desirable limit.
50 52.98

47.98
43.98 44.98
40 42.98

36.98
33.98
30 31.99
30.99

24.99
20

10

0
FINDINGS AND 1400
Alkalinity

MITIGATION
MEASURES 1200
1200

Findings: 1000
1000 982
Following Samples were found to have Alkalinity
above the Desirable Limit
800

Packaged Water- Catch, Panchamrit

720
688
Govt Supply Line of Dehradun- Bhauwala, 600 642
Sudhuwala, Prem Nagar, Panditwari,
Kaulagarh, ISBT, Rispana
466
Mitigation Measures: 400 446

To raise low alkalinity and stabilize your pH, use

sodium bicarbonate over a period of time. To
200 244
lower high alkalinity, you can use a pH reducer
or muriatic acid. Better yet, prevent mineral 146
136
build-up and cloudy water from the start with 124
Protect Plus, which inactivates damaging 36 80
0
minerals.
FINDINGS AND 0.04
Copper

MITIGATION
MEASURES 0.035

0.034

0.03
0.0305
Findings: All samples were found to 0.028
be below desirable limit. 0.025
0.0273

0.0243 0.024

0.02
0.0196

0.0175
0.015 0.016
0.0148
0.014

0.01
0.0092
0.0073
0.005
0.0053

0
FINDINGS AND 16
Turbidity

MITIGATION
MEASURES 14
14

12

Findings
10
Samples of Kaulagarh and Rispana
found to have turbidity more than
desirable limits. 8

7
6
Mitigation Measures:
5 5
The water is allowed to settle, and is 4
then followed by filtration to remove
any suspended floc. In some cases, the 3
water must be gently stirred or 2
2 2
agitated in order for the floc to form.
A very effective method to remove 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
0
turbidity is with reverse osmosis (“RO”)
or ultrafiltration (“UF”) membrane
systems.
FINDINGS AND
Hardness
450

MITIGATION MEASURES 400 410

350
346

Findings: Samples of Panditwari and 300

Kaulagarh were found to have high
hardness. 250

Mitigation Measures: 200 218

202

The calcium and magnesium hardness are 150

176

the concentration of calcium and 146

magnesium ions expressed as equivalent 100 114

124

of calcium carbonate. Permanent 80

hardness of water can be a removed by 50

the following ways: (a) By the use of 0 0 14 21.1 27.8

soda: Soda removes both temporary and 0

permanent hardness.
FINDINGS AND 450
TDS (mg/L)

MITIGATION
MEASURES
400
400

350

Findings: All samples were found to

300
be below desirable limit.
250

200
200 200 200 200 200 200

150

100

50

0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
CONCLUSION
Drinking Water Quality Parameters were studied and
assessed according to Indian Standard.

Different Water quality parameter were successfully

analyzed and compared from various drinking water sources.

Mitigation Measures were suggested to uplift the drinking

water quality parameter.
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