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Particle in One Dimensional Box Reviewed 2 Final

This document summarizes a seminar on the topic of a particle in a one-dimensional box. It describes how the Schrodinger wave equation can be used to model a particle constrained to move in the x-direction between x=0 and x=L. The energy of the particle is found to be quantized, with allowed energy values of En=n^2h^2/(8mL^2) where n is a positive integer. The wavefunctions are standing sine waves of the form Ψ(x)=A*sin(nπx/L). Even at zero temperature, the particle has a minimum non-zero energy called the zero point energy.

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Sagar Meitei Soraisham
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302 views9 pages

Particle in One Dimensional Box Reviewed 2 Final

This document summarizes a seminar on the topic of a particle in a one-dimensional box. It describes how the Schrodinger wave equation can be used to model a particle constrained to move in the x-direction between x=0 and x=L. The energy of the particle is found to be quantized, with allowed energy values of En=n^2h^2/(8mL^2) where n is a positive integer. The wavefunctions are standing sine waves of the form Ψ(x)=A*sin(nπx/L). Even at zero temperature, the particle has a minimum non-zero energy called the zero point energy.

Uploaded by

Sagar Meitei Soraisham
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A SEMINAR

ON
TOPIC- “PARTICLE IN ONE DIMENSIONAL BOX”

Presented By:-
Soraisham Sagar Meitei
Roll No:- 06
Department of Chemistry
D.M. College of Science, D.M. University
Consider a particle that is
constrained to move only in x
V= ∞ V= ∞
direction from x=0 to x=L.
Schrodinger wave equation in
operator form
Ĥ  E ---- (I)
෡ =Hamiltonian operator in the
𝐻
direction of x V=0

ˆ h d 2 2 0 L x
H  2 V
8 m dx 2
Putting the value in equation – (I)
 h 2 d 2
 2  V  E
8 m dx 2

d 2
h2
 2  V  E  0
8 m dx 2

h 2 d 2
 2  ( E  V )  0 --- (II)
8 m dx 2

Multiplying through out by 8 2 m


h2
d 2 8 2 m
 2
 2
( E  V )  0 --- ( III )
dx h
V= ∞ V= ∞
Outside the box V = 
d 2 8 2 m
  ( E  )  0
dx 2
h 2 I II III

This is possible only when  = 0


V=0
i.e particle is not outside the box. 0 L x
Inside the box V = 0
d 2 8 2 m
 2  2 ( E  0)  0
dx h
d 2 8 2 m
 2  2 E  0
dx h
d 2 2mE h
 2  K 2  0 where K 2  , 
dx  2
--- ( IV )
where A and B are
arbitrary constants

 0


 Since sin KL=0
KL= n

2mE
 --- ( V ) But, K 
2
--- (VI )

n 2 2
2mE
   4 2

L2 h 2

n2h2
E --- ( VII ) Where n= 1,2,3,4…
8mL2

So, the energy of a particle in one dimensional


box is quantised.

x  A Sin Kx
 n 
 A Sin  x ---- ( VIII )
 L 

L
   2 ( x ) dx  1
0

 n 
L
 A  Sin 
2 2
x dx  0
0  L 

2
 A
L

2 n
 ( x )  Sin x
L L
Zero point energy
When n=1,
h2
E 
1
8ma 2
Electron is not at rest even at zero K temp.
This minimum energy is called zero point.

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