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Numerical Aperture & Acceptance Angle

This document describes an experiment to measure the numerical aperture and acceptance angle of an optical fiber. It provides background on how optical fibers work using total internal reflection. The experiment setup includes a light source, optical fiber, detector that can be moved to vary the detection distance, and apparatus to measure the spot radius. Test results are shown in a table with calculations to determine the numerical aperture of 0.4472 and acceptance angle of 25.92 degrees. Precautions for handling optical fibers safely and references are also noted.

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Poonam sawant
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614 views15 pages

Numerical Aperture & Acceptance Angle

This document describes an experiment to measure the numerical aperture and acceptance angle of an optical fiber. It provides background on how optical fibers work using total internal reflection. The experiment setup includes a light source, optical fiber, detector that can be moved to vary the detection distance, and apparatus to measure the spot radius. Test results are shown in a table with calculations to determine the numerical aperture of 0.4472 and acceptance angle of 25.92 degrees. Precautions for handling optical fibers safely and references are also noted.

Uploaded by

Poonam sawant
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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• Name:Adyasha Mahapatra

• Roll No:2020025
• Experiment: Numerical Aperture and Acceptance Angle of an Optical
Fibre
Numerical Aperture & Acceptance Angle

Construction of Optical fibre :


• 2 concentric layers (core &
cladding)
• Core –inner layer
• Cladding –outer layer
• R.I of cladding < R.I of core
Working Principle Of Optical Fibre
• when light travels from denser
medium to rarer medium :
1. Critical angle(Ic) : the angle of
incidence for which the angle
of refraction is 90 degrees.
2. Total Internal Reflection
(T.I.R):when angle of incidence
is greater than Ic then light
gets reflected back to the
denser medium .
How does light travel in the Optical Fibre ?
1. If the angle of incidence is small
then the light is reflected back
into the core.
2. If the angle of incidence is too
large then the light gets lost in
cladding .
3. The light must enter with an
less than an angle called
acceptance angle beyond which
light will be lost in cladding.
Measurement Setup 1 :
• TTL gives the input signal which is then
connected to driver circuit which gives
power to the input signal.
• The digital driver is connected to the
transmitter then to the optical fibre.
• The optical fibre is then fitted into a NA
measuring setup in which the distance
of the screen from optical fibre can be
varied.
• The measurement of the radius of the
circular patch can be used to measure
the NA and acceptance angle.
Tabulate the results in the format:
SR Distance Radius of the spot Numerical Aperture Acceptance Angle
No. between source
and detector

Formulas:

• Numerical Aperture =
• Acceptance angle=θ= )
Measurement Setup 2:
To perform the experiment
•Set the detector distance Z (say 4mm). We referred the
distance as “d” in our calculation.  
•Vary the detector distance X by an order of 0.5mm, using
the screw gauge (use up and down arrow on the screw
gauge to rotate it).
•Measure the detector reading from output unit and tabulate
it.
•Plot the graph between X in x-axis and output reading in y-
axis. See figure 5.
•Find the radius of the spot r, which is corresponding to
Imax/2.71 (See the figure 5).
Assignment Calculations :
Least count of horizontal scale is =0.5mm
Total divisions on the circular scale = 50

SR H.S.R of screw P.S.R of screw X in mm I in µA


No. gauge in mm gauge
1. 4.5 1 0.0000058387
4.502
2. 5 45 5.09 0.3222
3. 6 14 6.028 0.000137

Formulas:

• Numerical Aperture =
• Acceptance angle=θ= )
Calculations :
• = 0.3222 µA
• /2.71 =0.1188 µA
• 2r = 2mm…. From graph
• r = 1mm
• In the experiment we chose d = 2mm
• Thus by applying formula ,
= =
θ==
Result:
• Numerical Aperture = 0.4472
• Acceptance angle =
Precautions :
• Optical fibre are thin and delicate so they should be handled with
care.
• One should take care that LASER light should not enter the eyes
directly.
• The experiment should be conducted in the dark room .
References:
• Senior’s journal
• Wikipedia for pictures
1. https://www.bing.com/images/search?view=detailV2&ccid=V3ePPq
TF&id=8D4146C2BED87DD98F89DCDAFC1326598B94F40A&thid=OI
P.V3ePPqTFIXcer0JtXseGlQHaCj&mediaurl=https
2. https://www.bing.com/images/search?view=detailV2&ccid=kjn6%2
bL9H&id=101A5106CC33F7C747858171FB9D64B01484A3B2&thid=
OIP.kjn6-L9H0xyXWWT4Wj9QmgHaDq&mediaurl=https
3. optical fiber acceptance angle - Bing images
• https://vlab.amrita.edu/index.php?sub=1&brch=189&sim=343&cnt=4
&src=simImage
• Dubey sir’s notes

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