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Hydroelectricity Generation: Anchit Raman

This document summarizes hydroelectricity generation. It discusses how hydroelectric power works by harnessing the kinetic energy of falling or flowing water to turn turbines that generate electricity. It describes different types of turbines used in hydroelectric plants like Pelton, Francis, and Kaplan turbines. It also covers the key components of hydroelectric power plants and classifications of hydroelectric systems based on the type of system and amount of power generated. The document discusses advantages like being renewable and having low emissions, and disadvantages like disturbing ecosystems. It provides an overview of India's hydroelectric potential.

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96 views29 pages

Hydroelectricity Generation: Anchit Raman

This document summarizes hydroelectricity generation. It discusses how hydroelectric power works by harnessing the kinetic energy of falling or flowing water to turn turbines that generate electricity. It describes different types of turbines used in hydroelectric plants like Pelton, Francis, and Kaplan turbines. It also covers the key components of hydroelectric power plants and classifications of hydroelectric systems based on the type of system and amount of power generated. The document discusses advantages like being renewable and having low emissions, and disadvantages like disturbing ecosystems. It provides an overview of India's hydroelectric potential.

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سيد القادري
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Hydroelectricity Generation

Anchit Raman
III Year
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
K.I.E.T
1. INTRODUCTION
Introduction
2. WATER WHEEL
3. BASIC IDEA USED
4. HYDRO POWER PLANTS
5. HYDRAULIC TURBINES
6. TURBINE SELECTION
7. CLASSIFICATION OF HYDRO POWER SYSTEMS
8. ESTIMATING AVAILABLE POWER
9. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
10. FUTURE OF HYDRO POWER
Water
POWERresource
GENERATION METHODS-

1. COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS


2. NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
3. GEOTHERMAL POWER
4. SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAICS
5. WIND POWER PLANTS
6. HYDRO POWER PLANTS
WATER WHEEL
TYPES OF WATER WHEELS
BASIC IDEA USED
Hydro power is a renewable
resource since it is ultimately
derived from sun.

The real key is the physical height


difference achieved between
source and sink.

Potential energy of falling water


is converted into kinetic energy
used to rotate turbine blades.

Turbine shaft transmits energy to


electro-mechanical generators
and thus hydro electricity is
generated.
COMPONENTS OF HYDRO
ELECTRIC POWER PLANT
1. DAM
2. HEADGATE / INTAKE GATE
3. DE-SILTING TANK
4. WATER RESERVOIR
5. PENSTOCK
6. HYDRAULIC TURBINES

7. GENERATOR

8. POWER HOUSE
HYDRAULIC TURBINES

Impulse Turbines
1.Pelton turbine
2.Turgo turbine
3.Michelle-Banki turbine

Reaction Turbines
1.Francis turbine
2.Kaplan turbine
3.Gorlov turbine
PELTON TURBINES

1.The gravitational power energy of the water dammed becomes in kinetic


energy.

2.The injector basically a nozzle throws the high speed water to the blades
that are glued to the bun.

3. The water spurt transmits its kinetic energy to the bun, where it is
transformed instantaneously into mechanical energy.

4. It can be equipped with multiple nozzles for higher output.


MULTIPLE NOZZLE PELTON TURBINE
The edge that divides each bucket in two symmetrical
parts cuts the water spurt, sectioning it in two laminae
of fluid, theoretically of identical volume. This
disposition allows resisting mutually the axial pushes
that are originated in the bun.
KAPLAN TURBINE
WORKING OF KAPLAN TURBINE

1.The Kaplan turbine is an inward flow


water reaction turbine whose design
combines radial as well as axial features.

2.The Kaplan turbine is a helix turbine in


which the blades of the bun turn itself
when it is on.

3. Working fluid changes pressure as it


moves through the turbine.

4. Kaplan turbine is used for lower head


applications.
FRANCIS TURBINE
WORKING OF FRANCIS TURBINE
1. The Francis turbine is one of
the reaction turbines.

2. The radial flow causes the turn


of the runner which is completely
submerged in water.

3. Both the pressure and the


velocity of water decrease from
inlet to outlet.

4. The runner is provided with


curved vanes upon which the
water impinges.

5. Francis turbines is designed for


a medium range of head.
TURBINE SELECTION ACC. TO
RANGE OF HEAD

Hydraulic wheel turbine 0.2 < H < 4

Kaplan turbine 2 < H < 40

Francis turbine 10 < H < 350

Pelton turbine 50 < H < 1300

Turgo turbine 50 < H < 250

H = Head in meters
CLASSIFICATION OF HYDRO
POWER SYSTEMS

Depending upon “the type of system”

Depending upon “power generated”


DEPENDING UPON TYPE
OF SYSTEM

CONVENTIONAL / STORAGE TYPE

PUMPED STORAGE TYPE

RUN OF THE RIVER


CONVENTIONAL / STORAGE TYPE
PUMPED STORAGE TYPE
RUN OF THE RIVER TYPE
DEPENDING UPON “POWER GENERATED”

1.Big hydro station Greater than 30


MW
2.Small hydro station
25-30 MW

3.Micro hydro station Less than 1000 W

4.Pico hydro station 200-300 Watts


ESTIMATING AVAILABLE
HYDRO POWER

P=phrgk

 P is power in watts
 p is density of water
 h is height in meters
 r is flow rate in cubic meters per second
 g is acceleration due to gravity
 k is coefficient of efficiency ranging from 0 to 1.
ADVANTAGES OF HYDRO POWER

 Technical benefits- long life span, less


maintenance and no fuel cost.

 Environmental benefits- renewable source,


no green house gas emission

 Flood migration through storage dams.

 Social impact- improved standards of


living, recreation spots, employment
opportunity.
DISADVANTAGES OF HYDRO POWER

 Disturbance to ecological system.

 Adverse impact on Groundwater.

 Transport of nutrients.

 Population movements.

 Dam breach- uncontrolled flooding.

 Development of diseases due to bacteria


growth in reservoir water.
INDIAN SCENARIO
INDIA is endowed with economically exploitable and
viable hydro potential assessed to be about 1,48,701
MW installation capacity.

India is blessed with immense amount of hydro-electric


potential and ranks 5th in terms of exploitable hydro-
potential on global scenario.

Hydro-potential from small, mini & micro schemes has been


estimated as 6782 MW from 1512 sites.

In addition, 56 number of pumped storage projects have


also been identified with probable installed capacity of
94 000 MW.
FUTURE OF HYDRO POWER

The theoretical size of the worldwide hydro power is about


four times greater than that which has been exploited at this
time.

Small scale and low head hydro capacity will probably


increase in the future as research on low head turbines.

Many small hydro electric sites were abandoned in the


1950's and 60's when the price of oil and coal was very
low, and their environmental impacts unrealized.
Increased fuel prices in the future could result in these
facilities being refurbished.

Still the best way of power generation, serves long, no


component loss due to ash deposition etc.
Thank you so much…!!

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