What is

Nation?
• A nation is a large group of people
who share common characteristics
such as language, traditions, and
ethnicity.
• The people that comprise a nation
also share a common culture and
history.
• They also identify themselves as
distinct and unified group, with
common interests and aspirations.
• In modern political discourse, the
nation is considered a [political and
cultural entity and is often studied
alongside the state.
-NATION (BANSA)

•A nation is a population with a

certain sense of itself, a
cohesiveness, a shared history
and culture, and often (but not
always) a common language.
A nation is a stable community of people
formed in the basis of a common
language, territory, economic life,
ethnicity and/or psychological make-up
manifested in a common culture. Is
distinct from a people and is a more
abstract, and more overtly political than
an ethnic group.
-It is a cultural-political community
that has become conscious of its
autonomy, unity and particular
interest.
What is
State?
STATE (ESTADO)
•A state is a government
structure, usually
sovereign and powerful
enough to enforce its
writ.
• A state refers to the political
structure of an organized
community that lives under a
government.
• It is considered as the highest
form of human association, and
it is the product of man’s desire
for survival and the attainment
of wants and needs.
• The state is primarily an
organization with legal purpose
which is to impose law and order
to ensure the welfare of the
people.
 A state is more than a government that
is clear. Government changes, but state
endure. A state is the means of rule over a
defined or “sovereign” territory. It is
comprised of an executive, a bureaucracy,
courts and other institutions.
States distribute and re-distribute
resources and wealth, so lobbyist,
politicians and revolutionaries seek
in their own way to influence or
even to get hold of the levers of
state power. 4In all but the short
term, states are influx.
 Differences between Nation and State;

• The states has four elements-

population, territory, government,
and sovereignty. In the absence of
even one element, a State cannot
be really a State. A state is always
characterized by all elements.
The nation is a group of people who have a
strong sense of unity and common
consciousness. Common territory, common
race, common religion, common language,
common history, common literature and
common political aspirations are the elements
which help the formation of nation, and yet
none of these is an absolutely essential
element. The elements which go to build
a nation keep on changing.
States is a Political Organization
while Nation is a social, cultural,
psychological, emotional and
political unity.

Possession of a definite territory is

essential for the State but not for a
Nation.
Elements
of
Statehood
 1. POPULATION
• a total of individuals occupying an area
or making up a whole
• The state is a human institution, so
population is the first and foremost
element.
• The people constitute the state’s
“personal basis”.
 2. TERRITORY
• People cannot constitute a state, unless
they inhabit in a definite territory.
• When they reside permanently in a
fixed place, they develop a community
of interest and a sense of unity.
• The state requires a fixed territory with
clearly demarcated boundaries over
which it exercise undisputed authority.
 2. TERRITORY
• Territory is the state’s “material basis”.
• It comprises of:
1. land, mountains, rivers, and lakes
within its frontiers
2. Territorial waters, extending six miles
into the sea from the coast
3. Air space, lying above its territory
 ARTICLE 1 SEC. 1
OF 1987 CONSTITUTION
NATIONAL TERRITORY

The national territory comprises the

Philippine archipelago, with all the islands
and waters embraced therein, and all other
territories over which the Philippines has
sovereignty or jurisdiction, consisting of its
terrestrial, fluvial, and aerial domains,
 ARTICLE 1 SEC. 1
OF 1987 CONSTITUTION
Including its territorial sea, the seabed, the
subsoil, the insular shelves, and other
submarine areas. The waters around,
between, and connecting the islands of the
archipelago, regardless of their breadth
and dimensions, form part of the internal
waters of the Philippines.
 TERRITORIAL SEA

The belt of the sea located between the

coast and internal waters of the coastal
state on the one hand, and the high seas on
the other, extending up to 12 nautical
marks from the low water mark.
 INTERNAL WATERS

The waters around, between,

and connecting the islands of the
archipelago, regardless of their
breadth and dimensions.
 EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE

The body of water extending up to

200 nautical miles, within which
the state may exercise sovereign
rights to explore, exploit, conserve,
and manage the natural resources.
 EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE

The state in EEZ exercise jurisdiction

with regard to:
1. The establishment and use of
artificial islands
2. Marine scientific research
3. The protection and preservation
of marine enviRonment
 3. GOVERNMENT

The government is the important,

indispensable machinery of which
the state maintains its existence,
carries on its functions and realizes
its policies and objectives
 4. SOVEREIGNTY
This is the power of the state to
command and enforce obedience
of its will from people. It means
power over the people of an area
unrestrained by laws originating
outside the area or independence
completely devoid of direct
external control.
 4 kinds of sovereignty
1. Legal sovereignty- the authority
which has the power to issue
final commands. This is the
supreme law making power.
2. Political sovereignty- the power
behind legal sovereignty, or the
sum of influences that operate
upon it.
 4 kinds of sovereignty
3. Internal sovereignty- the power of the
state to control its domestic affairs. It
empowers the state to make and alter
its system of government and to
regulate its private affairs as well as the
rights and relations of its citizens,
without any dictation, interference or
control on the part of any person or
body or state outside the particular
political community.
 4 kinds of sovereignty
4. External sovereignty- the power of the
state to direct its relation with other
states. With this, the state is not subject to
the control, dictation, or government of
any other power. It implies the right and
power to receive recognition as an
independent power from other powers,
and to make treaties with them on
equal terms, make war or peace with
them, or send diplomatic agents.
 What is
Globalization?
The term GLOBALIZATION encompasses a
range of social, political, and economic
changes. It expands and accelerates the
exchange of ideas and commodities over
vast distance. It is common to discuss the
phenomenon in highly generalized terms,
but globalization’s impacts are often best
understood at the local level.
How Globalization
influences nation-
state?
 Theories about the
influence of globalization
to Nation-State
Hyperglobalists argue that the world had
evolved these past years and that it is now
more borderless, especially in the economic
field. National economies are now part of a
global economy where international
financial markets and transnational
dominate. They say there is a
denationalization but that it is part of an
economic logic in which "national
governments are just transmission belt for
global capital" (King and Kendall, p144).
We are in a time of a borderless economy
and where the state is territorially limited,
global markets are free to escape political
regulation.
Hyperglobalists see the globalisation as a
good thing which would give opportunities to
societies to develop.
In contrast, Sceptics disagree with this thesis; they
think that the world has not evolved much and
that instead of being in a globalised world we are
now in a more international world. Hirst and
Thompson argued that "whereas tendencies
towards internationalisation can be
accommodated within a modified view of the
world economic system, that still gives the major
role to national-level policies and economic actors;
when firms, government and international
agencies are being forced to behave differently, but
in the main they can use existing institutions and
practices to do so" (Held and McGrew, chap 1).
For the Sceptics, the State remains central in the
business activities and even that it is the most
powerful actor in domestic economy and in
international agreement and regulations.
Multinational corporations having headquartered
in different countries can be described as national
companies operating internationally and thus
subject to the national regulation. Moreover, the
State has still a crucial role in the scheme of
governance and regulation and through elections
it remains the critical agencies of the popular
representation. And to conclude they state that the
world is now divided into larger regional area
rather that into one world.
However, Transformationalists take a middle
ground approach between the two previous
extreme views of globalisation. They argue that
globalisation is a multi-scalar process and do not
believe in a single global society. The current
global interconnections and interdependence will
forge new networks and maybe dissolve some
existing ones. As Held say "relationships among
nations and people will be reconfigured and power
relationships restructured. It will not be the end of
the Nation State, more a reconstruction of the
Nation State.
Among these different theories, the
Transformationalists one seems to
be the more accurate.
 Thank
you!!!!!!