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ETHNUS Consultancy Services Pvt. LTD

This document discusses power cycles and how to use them to find the digit in the unit's place of large exponential expressions. It explains that the power cycles of 2, 3, 7 and 9 are 4, while the power cycles of 4 and numbers ending in 1, 5, 6, or 0 are 2. Through examples, it demonstrates dividing the exponent by the power cycle to get the remainder, and using that remainder to determine the unit digit based on the power cycle rules. Practice and test examples are provided to illustrate applying this process to find unit digits.

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Sagar Patil
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86 views18 pages

ETHNUS Consultancy Services Pvt. LTD

This document discusses power cycles and how to use them to find the digit in the unit's place of large exponential expressions. It explains that the power cycles of 2, 3, 7 and 9 are 4, while the power cycles of 4 and numbers ending in 1, 5, 6, or 0 are 2. Through examples, it demonstrates dividing the exponent by the power cycle to get the remainder, and using that remainder to determine the unit digit based on the power cycle rules. Practice and test examples are provided to illustrate applying this process to find unit digits.

Uploaded by

Sagar Patil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ETHNUS Consultancy Services Pvt. Ltd.

www.ethnus.com
Number Properties
Finding the Unit Place’s Digit
Prerequisite – Power Cycle of 2
Expression Digit in Unit’s Place

21 2 24𝑘+1

22 4 24𝑘+2

23 8 24𝑘+3

24 6 24𝑘

25 2

Therefore, the Power Cycle of 2 is 4.


Prerequisite – Power Cycle of 3
Expression Digit in Unit’s Place

31 3 34𝑘+1

32 9 34𝑘+2

33 7 34𝑘+3

34 1 34𝑘

35 3

Therefore, the Power Cycle of 3 is 4.


Prerequisite – Power Cycle of 7
Expression Digit in Unit’s Place

71 7 74𝑘+1

72 9 74𝑘+2

73 3 74𝑘+3

74 1 74𝑘

75 7

Therefore, the Power Cycle of 7 is 4.


Prerequisite – Power Cycle of 9
Expression Digit in Unit’s Place

91 9 92𝑘+1

92 1 92𝑘

93 9

94 1

95 9

Therefore, the Power Cycle of 9 is 2.


Prerequisite – Power Cycle of 4
Expression Digit in Unit’s Place

41 4 42𝑘+1

42 6 42𝑘

43 4

44 6

45 4

Therefore, the Power Cycle of 4 is 2.


Power Cycle – 1, 5, 6, 0
• Numbers ending in 1, 5, 6, or 0 will have the same
unit’s digit regardless of the exponent.
• Thus, for these numbers the power cycle is 1.
Application of Power
Cycle
Demo
• Find the digit in the unit’s place of the following
expression:
• 2173
Solution
• Step 1: Determine the power cycle.
• Since the base is 2, the power cycle is 4.
• Step 2: Divide the exponent by the power cycle.
• Divide 173 by 4.
• Step 3: Calculate the remainder.
• The remainder is 1.
• Step 4: Find the digit in the unit’s place.
• When the exponent is of the form 4k + 1, the unit’s digit
is 2.
Practice
• Find the digit in the unit’s place of the following
expression:
• 17151
Solution
• Step 1: Determine the power cycle.
• Since the base is 7, the power cycle is 4.
• Step 2: Divide the exponent by the power cycle.
• Divide 151 by 4.
• Step 3: Calculate the remainder.
• The remainder is 3.
• Step 4: Find the digit in the unit’s place.
• When the exponent is of the form 4k + 3, the unit’s digit
is 3.
Test
• Find the digit in the unit’s place of the following
expression:
• 483190

End
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Solution
• Step 1: Determine the power cycle.
• Since the base is 3, the power cycle is 4.
• Step 2: Divide the exponent by the power cycle.
• Divide 190 by 4.
• Step 3: Calculate the remainder.
• The remainder is 2.
• Step 4: Find the digit in the unit’s place.
• When the exponent is of the form 4k + 2, the unit’s digit
is 9.
Special Problem
• Find the digit in the unit’s place of the following
expression:
• 2929!
• 51213!
Solution
• Step 1: Determine the power cycle.
• Since the base is 9, the power cycle is 2. Therefore,
• If the exponent is odd, the digit in the unit’s place is 9.
• If the exponent is even, the digit in the unit’ place is 1.
• Step 2: Calculate the digit in the unit’s place.
• Every factorial expression except 0! and 1! is even.
• Therefore, the digit in the unit’s place is 1.
Solution
• Step 1: Determine the power cycle.
• Since the base is 2, the power cycle is 4.
• Step 2: Calculate the remainder.
• Every factorial expression after 3! is divisible by 4.
• Step 3: Calculate the digit in the unit’s place.
• Since the remainder is 0, the exponent is of the form 4k.
Therefore, the digit in the unit’s place is 6.

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