Q&A

(FINAL COACHING FOR

FUTURE RCrims)

HUMAN BEHAVIOR
AND CRISIS
MANAGEMENT
1. It is the science of human mind in any of its aspect,
operation, powers, or functions.
a. Psychology b. Psychiatry
c. Psychologist d. Human Psychology
2. It is the sum total of an individual’s mental, emotional
and temperamental make-up.
a. Psychology b. Psychiatry
c. Personality d. Temperament
3. It is man’s behavior tendency or an individual’s
personality is his total being.
a. Psychology b. Psychiatry
c. Personality d. Temperament
4. Characterized by dissociation, a failure to integrate
information about one’s personal identity, memories,
sensation, and states of consciousness into a unified whole.
a. Phobia b. Anxiety Disorders
c. Panic Disorder d. Dissociative Disorders
1. It is the science of human mind in any of its aspect,
operation, powers, or functions.
a. Psychology b. Psychiatry
c. Psychologist d. Human Psychology
2. It is the sum total of an individual’s mental, emotional
and temperamental make-up.
a. Psychology b. Psychiatry
c. Personality d. Temperament
3. It is man’s behavior tendency or an individual’s
personality is his total being.
a. Psychology b. Psychiatry
c. Personality d. Temperament
4. Characterized by dissociation, a failure to integrate
information about one’s personal identity, memories,
sensation, and states of consciousness into a unified whole.
a. Phobia b. Anxiety Disorders
c. Panic Disorder d. Dissociative Disorders
 • Psychology – is the
systematic study of human
and animal behavior.

• Psychiatry – is medical
specialty devoted to the
understanding and cure of
mental disease.
DISSOCIATIVE DISORDER
-are conditions that involve
disruptions or breakdowns of memory ,
awareness, identity or perception . Some
dissociative disorders are triggered by
psychological trauma, but dissociative
disorder such as depersonalization
/derealization disorder may be
preceded only by stress, psychoactive
substances, or no identifiable trigger at
all.
 4 types Dissociative Disorders
1. Dissociative Identity Disorder- the
alternation of two or more distinct
personality states with impaired recall
among personality states. In extreme
cases, the host personality is unaware of
the other, alternating personalities.
2. Dissociative Amnesia- the temporary
loss of recall memory , specifically
episodic memory, due to a traumatic or
stressful event. This disorder can occur
abruptly or gradually and may last
minutes to years depending on the
severity of the trauma and the patient.
3. Depersonalization disorder- a kind of
dissociative disorder wherein a person will
experienced periods of detachment from
self or surrounding which maybe
experienced s “unreal”(lacking in control of
or “outside “ self) while retaining awareness
that this is only a feeling and not a reality.

4. Dissociative Seizures- a seizures that are

often mistaken for epilepsy but are not
caused by electrical pulses in the brain and
are in fact another form of dissociation.
5. Are mental illnesses in which person experiences an
abnormally high level of anxiety over a long period of time.
a. Phobia b. Anxiety Disorders
c. Panic Disorder d. Dissociative Disorders
6. It is an intense, overpowering surge of fear.
a. Phobia b. Anxiety Disorders
c. Panic Disorder d. Dissociative Disorders
7. It is an excessive, enduring fear of clearly defined objects
or situations that interferes with a person’s normal
functioning.
a. Phobia b. Anxiety Disorders
c. Panic Disorder d. Dissociative Disorders
8. A person persistently experience certain intrusive
thoughts or images or feel compelled to perform certain
behaviors .
a. Obsessive-compulsive disorder
b. Post-traumatic stress disorder-
c. Generalized anxiety disorder
5. Are mental illnesses in which person experiences an
abnormally high level of anxiety over a long period of time.
a. Phobia b. Anxiety Disorders
c. Panic Disorder d. Dissociative Disorders
6. It is an intense, overpowering surge of fear.
a. Phobia b. Anxiety Disorders
c. Panic Disorder d. Dissociative Disorders
7. It is an excessive, enduring fear of clearly defined objects
or situations that interferes with a person’s normal
functioning.
a. Phobia b. Anxiety Disorders
c. Panic Disorder d. Dissociative Disorders
8. A person persistently experience certain intrusive
thoughts or images or feel compelled to perform certain
behaviors .
a. Obsessive-compulsive disorder
b. Post-traumatic stress disorder-
c. Generalized anxiety disorder
 3 Classifications of Anxiety Disorders
1. Obsessive –Compulsive Disorder

- Obsession , means cantered on fear that one

will submit to an uncontrollable impulse to do
something wrong.
- Compulsion is resulted from repetitive acts.
- this disorder is characterized by an individual is
compelled to think about something that he do
want to think about or carry some actions
against his will, and the experience of persistent
thoughts that we cannot seem to get out of our
minds such as thoughts about haunting
situations.
2. Asthenic Disorders- an anxiety disorder
characterized by chronic mental and
physical fatigue and various aches and
pains. Symptoms include spending too
much sleep to avoid fatigue but to no
avail , even feel worse upon awake,
headaches, indigestion , back pains and
dizziness.

3. Phobic Disorders- These refer to the

persistent fear on some objects or
situation that present no actual danger to
the person.
• Anxiety - a feeling of worry,
nervousness, or unease, typically
about an imminent event or
something with an uncertain outcome.

• Phobia - is a type of anxiety disorder,

usually defined as a persistent fear of
an object or situation in which is
perfectly normal.
9. Sometimes occurs after people experience traumatic or catastrophic
events, such as physical or sexual assaults, natural disasters,
accidents, and wars.
a. Obsessive-compulsive disorder b. Post-traumatic stress disorder-
c. Generalized anxiety disorder d. Phobias

10. Feel anxious most of the time.

a. Obsessive-compulsive disorder
b. Post-traumatic stress disorder-
c. Generalized anxiety disorder
d. Phobias
11. Intense and persistent fear of a specific object, situation, or activity.
a. Obsessive-compulsive disorder b. Post-traumatic stress disorder-
c. Generalized anxiety disorder d. Phobias

12. When people slack off from using their best common sense. It is the
belief that you’re so truly smart, that you don’t need to extent any effort
to prove it.
a. Self-handicapping
b. Multiplicity of personality
c. Borderline Personality Disorder
d. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
9. Sometimes occurs after people experience traumatic or catastrophic
events, such as physical or sexual assaults, natural disasters,
accidents, and wars.
a. Obsessive-compulsive disorder b. Post-traumatic stress disorder-
c. Generalized anxiety disorder d. Phobias

10. Feel anxious most of the time.

a. Obsessive-compulsive disorder
b. Post-traumatic stress disorder-
c. Generalized anxiety disorder
d. Phobias
11. Intense and persistent fear of a specific object, situation, or activity.
a. Obsessive-compulsive disorder b. Post-traumatic stress disorder-
c. Generalized anxiety disorder d. Phobias

12. When people slack off from using their best common sense. It is the
belief that you’re so truly smart, that you don’t need to extent any effort
to prove it.
a. Self-handicapping
b. Multiplicity of personality
c. Borderline Personality Disorder
d. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
13. Is characterized by a long-standing pattern of attention seeking
behavior and extreme emotionality .
a. Self-handicapping b. Histrionic Personality Disorder
c. Borderline Personality Disorder d. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

14. Is a pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships,

self-image, emotional adjustments, and marked impulsivity
demonstrated in a variety of contexts?
a. Self-handicapping b. Multiplicity of personality
c. Borderline Personality Disorder d. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

15. Is when a person has illogical and irresistible thoughts or impulses

that they consider absurd and attempt to resist. It is characterized by
obsessions and compulsions.
a. Self-handicapping b. Multiplicity of personality
c. Borderline Personality Disorder d. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

16. A kind of sexual deviation wherein a person obtains sexual

gratification with animals or by means of anus of human beings.
a. Buggery b. Pedophilia
c. Fetishism d. Transvestism
13. Is characterized by a long-standing pattern of attention seeking
behavior and extreme emotionality .
a. Self-handicapping b. Histrionic Personality Disorder
c. Borderline Personality Disorder d. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

14. Is a pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships,

self-image, emotional adjustments, and marked impulsivity
demonstrated in a variety of contexts?
a. Self-handicapping b. Multiplicity of personality
c. Borderline Personality Disorder d. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

15. Is when a person has illogical and irresistible thoughts or impulses

that they consider absurd and attempt to resist. It is characterized by
obsessions and compulsions.
a. Self-handicapping b. Multiplicity of personality
c. Borderline Personality Disorder d. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

16. A kind of sexual deviation wherein a person obtains sexual

gratification with animals or by means of anus of human beings.
a. Buggery b. Pedophilia
c. Fetishism d. Transvestism
 PERSONALITY DISORDER
• The disorder of character , the
person is characterized as
“problematic” without psychoses.
This disorder is characterized
disrupted personal relationship ,
dependent or passive aggressive
behavior.
 Classification of Personality Disorder:
1. Self-handicapping – when people slack off from
using their best common sense. It is the belief that
you’re so truly smart, that you don’t need to
extent any effort to prove it.
2. Multiplicity of personality – is the multiple
personality to evade criminal liability, like (john
Wayne Gacy).
3. Borderline Personality Disorder – is a pervasive
pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships,
self-image, emotional adjustments, and marked
impulsivity demonstrated in a variety of contexts.
4. Paranoid Personality Disorder- It is characterized
by suspicious , rigidity, envy , hypersensitivity,
excessive self importance, with being
argumentative and tendency to blame others of
one’s own mistakes.
6. Schizoid Personality Disorder- this is characterized
by the inability to form social relationship and lack of
interest in doing so. The person seem to express their
feelings, they lack social skills.

7. Schizotypal Personality Disorder- Characterized by

reclusiveness, over sensitivity, avoidance of
communication and superstitious thinking is common.

8. Histrionic Personality Disorder- It is characterized by

immaturity, excitability , emotional instability and self
dramatization.

9. Narcissistic Personality Disorder- It is characterized

by an exaggerated sense of self importance and pre-
occupation with receiving attention. The person
usually expects and demands special treatment from
others and disregarding the rights and feeling of
others.
10. Avoidant Personality Disorder- It characterized by
hypersensitivity to rejection and apprehensive alertness
to any sign of social derogation. Person is reluctant to
enter into social interaction.

11. Dependent Personality Disorder- It characterized by

extreme dependence on other people , there is acute
discomfort and even panic to be alone. The person
lacks confidence and feels helpless.

12. Passive –Aggressive Personality Disorder- It is

characterize by being hostile expressed in indirect and
non-violent ways.

13. Compulsive Personality Disorder- It is characterized

by excessive concern with rules , order, and efficiency
that everyone does things their way and an ability to
express warm feeling. The person is over conscientious ,
serious and with difficulty in doing things for relaxation.
14. Anti-Social Personality Behavior- It is
characterized by continuing violation of the
rights of others through aggressive , anti social
behavior with out remorse or loyalty to
anyone.

15.Neurosis – is a disorder of the psychic or

mental functions without lesions of nerves
and of less severity than a psychosis.

– Neurotic – is a person suffering from

neurosis, characterized by a morbid
nature or tendency.
 • Neurosis encompassed a variety of mental illness, most common
are:

• Dissociative Disorders - characterized by dissociation, a failure to

integrate information about one’s personal identity, memories,
sensation, and states of consciousness into a unified whole.

• Anxiety Disorders – are mental illnesses in which person experiences

an abnormally high level of anxiety over a long period of time. Varieties
of Anxiety disorders:

Generalized anxiety disorder – feel anxious

1.
most of the time.
2. Phobias – it is an excessive, enduring fear of
clearly defined objects or situations that
interferes with a person’s normal functioning.
3. Panic Disorder – it is an intense,
overpowering surge of fear.
4. Obsessive-compulsive disorder – a person
persistently experience certain intrusive
thoughts or images (obsessions) or feel
compelled to perform certain behaviors
(compulsions).
 • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder – is
when a person has illogical and
irresistible thoughts or impulses that they
consider absurd and attempt to resist. It
is characterized by obsessions and
compulsions.
– Obsession – as recurrent and persistent ideas.
– Compulsion – as repetitive, purposeful, and
intentional behaviors performed in response to an
obsession.

5. Post-traumatic stress disorder-

sometimes occurs after people experience
traumatic or catastrophic events, such as
physical or sexual assaults, natural
disasters, accidents, and wars.
15. Psychosis – describes a disintegration
of the thinking process, involving the
inability to distinguish external reality
from internal fantasy. It is a common
feature of schizophrenia.
– Schizophrenia – is best understood as a
group of disorders with similar clinical
profiles, invariably including thought
disturbances in a clear sensorium and
often with characteristic symptoms such
as hallucinations, delusions, bizarre
behavior, and deterioration in the
general level of functioning.
 SCHIZOPHRENIA

• Gross distortion of reality

• Withdrawal of social interaction
• Disorganization
• fragmentation of perception,
thoughts and emotions
 TYPRS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
• SIMPLE SCHIZOPHRENIA
• PARANOID SCHIZOPHRENIA
• CATATONIC SCHIZOPHRENIA
• HEBEPHRENIC SCHIZOPHRENIA
• RESIDUAL SCHIZOPHRENIA
17. An erotic love and feelings normally through sex with children.
a. Buggery b. Pedophilia
c. Fetishism d. Transvestism
18. A sexual deviation found in male achieving sexual arousal through some
objects such as part of the female clothing’s or part of the body of the female to
produce orgasm.
a. Buggery b. Pedophilia
c. Fetishism d. Transvestism
19. A sexual deviation found in male who obtain pleasure by wearing female
apparel.
a. Buggery b. Pedophilia
c. Fetishism d. Transvestism
20. Sexual intercourse through the anus of another human being.
a. Sodomy b. Bestiality
c. Tribadism or Lesbianism d. Indecent Exposure and
Exhibitionism
21. Willful exposure in public of one’s genital in the presence of another person
usually of the opposite sex.
a. Sodomy b. Bestiality
c. Tribadism or Lesbianism d. Indecent Exposure and
Exhibitionism
17. An erotic love and feelings normally through sex with children.
a. Buggery b. Pedophilia
c. Fetishism d. Transvestism
18. A sexual deviation found in male achieving sexual arousal through some
objects such as part of the female clothing’s or part of the body of the female
to produce orgasm.
a. Buggery b. Pedophilia
c. Fetishism d. Transvestism
19. A sexual deviation found in male who obtain pleasure by wearing female
apparel.
a. Buggery b. Pedophilia
c. Fetishism d. Transvestism
20. Sexual intercourse through the anus of another human being.
a. Sodomy b. Bestiality
c. Tribadism or Lesbianism d. Indecent Exposure and
Exhibitionism
21. Willful exposure in public of one’s genital in the presence of another person usually
of the opposite sex.
a. Sodomy b. Bestiality
c. Tribadism or Lesbianism d. Indecent Exposure and Exhibitionism
22. Sexual copulation with an animal.
a. Sodomy b. Bestiality
c. Tribadism or Lesbianism d. Indecent Exposure and
Exhibitionism
23. A sexual gratification of a woman to another woman.
a. Sodomy b. Bestiality
c. Tribadism or Lesbianism d. Indecent Exposure and
Exhibitionism
24. A sexual deviation where sexual gratification is attained by licking the
external female genetalia.
a. Cunnilingus b. Frottage
c. Partialism d. Troilism
25. A kind of sexual perversion attained by rubbing or pressing against the
body of the opposite sex the sex organ to obtain orgasm.
a. Cunnilingus b. Frottage
c. Partialism d. Troilism
26. The sexual deviation is characterized by special affinity to certain part of the
female anatomy, sometimes the breast, buttocks, etc. to satisfy the sexual desire.
a. Cunnilingus b. Frottage
c. Partialism d. Troilism
22. Sexual copulation with an animal.
a. Sodomy b. Bestiality
c. Tribadism or Lesbianism d. Indecent Exposure and
Exhibitionism
23. A sexual gratification of a woman to another woman.
a. Sodomy b. Bestiality
c. Tribadism or Lesbianism d. Indecent Exposure and
Exhibitionism
24. A sexual deviation where sexual gratification is attained by licking the
external female genetalia.
a. Cunnilingus b. Frottage
c. Partialism d. Troilism
25. A kind of sexual perversion attained by rubbing or pressing against the
body of the opposite sex the sex organ to obtain orgasm.
a. Cunnilingus b. Frottage
c. Partialism d. Troilism
26. The sexual deviation is characterized by special affinity to certain part of the
female anatomy, sometimes the breast, buttocks, etc. to satisfy the sexual desire.
a. Cunnilingus b. Frottage
c. Partialism d. Troilism
27. This sexual deviation is also known as “ménage a trios” which
means three persons participate in a sexual intercourse.
a. Cunnilingus b. Frottage
c. Partialism d. Troilism
28. A sexual deviation towards an opposite sex with pain as source
of sexual gratification.
a. Algolagnia b. Voyeurism
c. Pluralism d. Mixoscopia
29. Known as peeping Tom. Most often after peeping,
masturbation follows.
a. Algolagnia b. Voyeurism
c. Pluralism d. Mixoscopia
30. This is allied to voyeurism and is manifested to be a sexual
infantilism.
a. Algolagnia b. Voyeurism
c. Pluralism d. Mixoscopia
27. This sexual deviation is also known as “ménage a trios” which
means three persons participate in a sexual intercourse.
a. Cunnilingus b. Frottage
c. Partialism d. Troilism
28. A sexual deviation towards an opposite sex with pain as source
of sexual gratification.
a. Algolagnia b. Voyeurism
c. Pluralism d. Mixoscopia
29. Known as peeping Tom. Most often after peeping,
masturbation follows.
a. Algolagnia b. Voyeurism
c. Pluralism d. Mixoscopia
30. This is allied to voyeurism and is manifested to be a sexual
infantilism.
a. Algolagnia b. Voyeurism
c. Pluralism d. Mixoscopia
 SEXUAL DEVIANCE
• Deviant Sexual Behavior – are sexual
offenses and are considered a kind of sexual
perversion.

• Factors that contribute for the development

of sexual deviation and perversion:

• environment
• degree of education
• degree of morality
• habits, and
• hereditary factors.
 Unnatural Sexual perversion and deviation:
• Masturbation and self-gratification – it is a criminal act if done
in public places.
• Indecent Exposure and Exhibitionism – willful exposure in
public of one’s genital in the presence of another person usually of
the opposite sex.
• Buggery – a kind of sexual deviation wherein a person obtains
sexual gratification with animals or by means of anus of human
beings. It may be:
– Sodomy – sexual intercourse through the anus of another
human being.
– Bestiality – sexual copulation with an animal.
– Pederastia – a form of buggery where the boy plays the passive
role.
• Pedophilia – an erotic love and feelings normally through sex with
children.
• Tribadism or Lesbianism – a sexual gratification of a woman to
another woman.
• Fetishism – a sexual deviation found in made achieving sexual
arousal through some objects such as part of the female clothing’s
or part of the body of the female to produce orgasm.
• Transvestism – a sexual deviation found in male who obtain
pleasure by wearing female apparel.
• Algolagnia – a sexual deviation towards an opposite sex with pain
as source of sexual gratification. Two types:
– Sadism – the infliction of pain to another for sexual
gratification.
– Masochism – the opposite of sadism.
• Fellatio or Irrumation – this is sexual practice normally done by
female agents receiving the penis of a man into her mouth and by
friction with lips and the tongue coupled with the act of sucking to
produce orgasm.
• Cunnilingus – a sexual deviation where sexual gratification is
attained by licking the external female genetalia.
• Frottage – a kind of sexual perversion attained by rubbing or
pressing against the body f the opposite sex the sex organ to obtain
orgasm.
• Partialism – the sexual deviation is characterized by special affinity
to certain part of the female anatomy, sometimes the breast,
buttocks, etc. to satisfy the sexual desire.
• Troilism – this sexual deviation is also known as “ménage a trios”
which means three persons participate in a sexual intercourse.
• Pluralism – a kind of sexual deviation participated by a group of
people in a sexual rite en masse.
• Voyeurism – known as peeping Tom. Most often after peeping,
masturbation follows.
• Mixoscopia – this is allied to voyeurism and is manifested to be a
sexual infantilism.
• Coprolalia – this characterized by using obscene
language to obtain sexual gratification.
• Urolagnia – a sexual perversion associated with the act of
urination.
• Coprohilia – similar to urolagnia but the interest is
during the act of defecation of feces.
• Don Juanism – a sexual promiscuity and make seduction
of many women as a career.
• Necrophilia – a sexual deviation whose interest and
desire is an actual intercourse with a dead human.
• Satyriasis – an excessive desire for a sexual intercourse
by a man to his opposite sex.
• Nymphomania – an excessive desire for a sexual
intercourse by a woman to her opposite sex.
• Annilungus – a sexual deviation where sexual
gratification is attained by licking the anus of another
person of either sex.
• Pygmalionism – a compulsive sexual desire to a statue or
mannequin.
• Narcissism – an extreme admiration of oneself. Looking
at the mirror may attain sexual arousal for a narcissist.
31. It refers to a cultural fusion in which two groups blend their
cultures so that they become one.
a. assimilation b. Acculturation
c. Amalgamation d. Social Movements
32. When two or more persons or groups are interacting and in
contact with each other, the chance is that both groups will learn
and adopt some of the traits and pattern of behavior of the
group.
a. assimilation b. Acculturation
c. Amalgamation d. Social Movements
33. Is both a cause and effect of acculturation and assimilation.
It refers to the inter-marriage of persons coming from different
ethnic groups resulting in some kind of biological fusion.
a. assimilation b. Acculturation
c. Amalgamation d. Social Movements
34. Refers to those activities in which people unite in an
organized long-term effort to change their society or in which
they resist and express their dissatisfaction with existing orders
through outright and prolonged actions.
a. assimilation b. Acculturation
c. Amalgamation d. Social Movements
31. It refers to a cultural fusion in which two groups blend their
cultures so that they become one.
a. assimilation b. Acculturation
c. Amalgamation d. Social Movements
32. When two or more persons or groups are interacting and in
contact with each other, the chance is that both groups will learn
and adopt some of the traits and pattern of behavior of the
group.
a. assimilation b. Acculturation
c. Amalgamation d. Social Movements
33. Is both a cause and effect of acculturation and assimilation.
It refers to the inter-marriage of persons coming from different
ethnic groups resulting in some kind of biological fusion.
a. assimilation b. Acculturation
c. Amalgamation d. Social Movements
34. Refers to those activities in which people unite in an
organized long-term effort to change their society or in which
they resist and express their dissatisfaction with existing orders
through outright and prolonged actions.
a. assimilation b. Acculturation
c. Amalgamation d. Social Movements
 Types of Social Process:
• Assimilation – it refers to a cultural fusion in which
two groups blend their cultures so that they
become one.

• Acculturation – when two or more persons or

groups are interacting and in contact with each
other, the chance is that both groups will learn
and adopt some of the traits and pattern of
behavior of the group. Cultural borrowing is an
important aspect of acculturation.

• Amalgamation – is both a cause and effect of

acculturation and assimilation. It refers to the
inter-marriage of persons coming from different
ethnic groups resulting in some kind of biological
fusion.
35. Is that branch of psychology which investigates the
psychology of crime with particular reference to the personality
factors of the criminal.
a. Criminal Psychology
b. The Moffit development of crime and delinquency
c. Development theory
d. none of these
36. Indicating the signs of persistent antisocial behavior can be
detected early in life, as early as the pre-school years, and
extends to the idea that adolescent deviant behavior is greatly
influenced by the behavior of peer groups even after parental
variable are taken into account.
a. Criminal Psychology
b. The Moffit development of crime and delinquency
c. Development theory
d. none of these
37. Development theory – is about normal human development,
or growing up sometimes known as “child” or “adolescent”
psychology
a. Criminal Psychology
b. The Moffit development of crime and delinquency
c. Development theory
d. none of these
35. Is that branch of psychology which investigates the
psychology of crime with particular reference to the personality
factors of the criminal.
a. Criminal Psychology
b. The Moffit development of crime and delinquency
c. Development theory
d. none of these
36. Indicating the signs of persistent antisocial behavior can be
detected early in life, as early as the pre-school years, and
extends to the idea that adolescent deviant behavior is greatly
influenced by the behavior of peer groups even after parental
variable are taken into account.
a. Criminal Psychology
b. The Moffit development of crime and delinquency
c. Development theory
d. none of these
37. Development theory – is about normal human development,
or growing up sometimes known as “child” or “adolescent”
psychology
a. Criminal Psychology
b. The Moffit development of crime and delinquency
c. Development theory
d. none of these
 Moffitt’s Developmental
Theory
• An attempt to explain the developmental
processes that lead to the distinctive shape
of the age crime .
• Types of offenders:
– Adolescent limited offenders: antisocial
behavior is temporary and situational
– Life-course persistent offenders: antisocial
behavior is permanent and stable
• Interaction with environment creates the
antisocial personality and is fixed (according
to Moffitt) before 18 years old
• Therefore, treatment is difficult after this
point.
 Defining the Life-Course
Persistent Offender
• Underlying trait that begins at very early age and
continues throughout life and underlies a variety of
problem behaviors.

– Age 4: biting and hitting

– Age 10: Truancy and shoplifting
– Age 16: Sell drugs/steal cars
– Age 22: Robbery and rape
– Age 30: Fraud and child abuse

• Persistence of other problem behaviors throughout

life: Drug addiction, homelessness, unstable
relationships, domestic violence, and mental illness
DEVELOPMENTAL THEORIES

• Human personality and

behavioral patterns emerge
through a developmental
process that unfolds from birth
onward.
38. It changes the whole social order, changing the
goals and replacement of the institutionalized means
to achieve the goals. This movement also believes the
use of radical and violent means to achieve goals.
a. Revolutionary b. Conservative
c. Reformist d. Reactionary
39. It introduces a specific type of social change in
different areas of life-religious, political, economic or
social.
a. Revolutionary b. Conservative
c. Reformist d. Reactionary
40. Reactionary – attempts to preserve the traditional
values and social relationship.
a. Revolutionary b. Conservative
c. Reformist d. Reactionary
41. It seeks to maintain the status quo.
a. Revolutionary b. Conservative
c. Reformist d. Reactionary
38. It changes the whole social order, changing the
goals and replacement of the institutionalized means
to achieve the goals. This movement also believes the
use of radical and violent means to achieve goals.
a. Revolutionary b. Conservative
c. Reformist d. Reactionary
39. It introduces a specific type of social change in
different areas of life-religious, political, economic or
social.
a. Revolutionary b. Conservative
c. Reformist d. Reactionary
40. Attempts to preserve the traditional values and
social relationship.
a. Revolutionary b. Conservative
c. Reformist d. Reactionary
41. It seeks to maintain the status quo.
a. Revolutionary b. Conservative
c. Reformist d. Reactionary
• Social Movements – refers to those activities in
which people unite in an organized long-term
effort to change their society or in which they
resist and express their dissatisfaction with existing
orders through outright and prolonged actions.

• Classifications of Social Movement:

– Reactionary – attempts to preserve the traditional
values and social relationship.
– Conservative – It seeks to maintain the status quo.
– Reformist – It introduces a specific type of social
change in different areas of life-religious, political,
economic or social.
– Revolutionary – it changes the whole social order,
changing the goals and replacement of the
institutionalized means to achieve the goals. This
movement also believes the use of radical and violent
means to achieve goals.
42. In the Intelligence Quotient and their
Interpretation, 0-20 means?
a. Profoundly retarded b. Superior
c. Gifted d. Very Superior
43. In the Intelligence Quotient and their
Interpretation, 141-160 means?
a. Profoundly retarded b. Superior
c. Gifted d. Very Superior
44. In the Intelligence Quotient and their
Interpretation, 161-180 means?
a. Profoundly retarded b. Superior
c. Gifted d. Very Superior
45. In the Intelligence Quotient and their
Interpretation, 121-140 means?
a. Profoundly retarded b. Superior
c. Gifted d. Very Superior
42. In the Intelligence Quotient and their
Interpretation, 0-20 means?
a. Profoundly retarded b. Superior
c. Gifted d. Very Superior
43. In the Intelligence Quotient and their
Interpretation, 141-160 means?
a. Profoundly retarded b. Superior
c. Gifted d. Very Superior
44. In the Intelligence Quotient and their
Interpretation, 161-180 means?
a. Profoundly retarded b. Superior
c. Gifted d. Very Superior
45. In the Intelligence Quotient and their
Interpretation, 121-140 means?
a. Profoundly retarded b. Superior
c. Gifted d. Very Superior
 The Intelligence Quotient and their
Interpretation

0-20 Profoundly retarded

21-35 Severely Retarded
36-50 Moderately Retarded
51-70 Mildly Retarded
71-90 Slow Learner
91-110 Average
111-120 Above Average
121-140 Superior
141-160 Very Superior
161-180 Gifted
181-200+ Genius
 MENTAL DEFICIENCES VS. MENTAL
RETARDATION
MENTAL DEFIECIENCES MENTAL RETARDATION

• IDIOT - 0-20 IQ • PROFOUND – UNDER

20 IQ
• IMBECILE – 201-40 IQ
• SEVERE – 20-35 IQ
• FEEBLE MINDED –
41-70 IQ • MODERATE – 36-51
IQ
• MORALLY
DEFECTIVE • MILD – 56-67 IQ
46. Studied a family known as the Kallikaks. He
traced this criminal family’s history back six generations
to the illegitimate offspring of a “feebleminded” barmaid.
a. Henry H. Goddard b. Goddard
c. Richard Dugdale d. Pedigree
47. He saw feeblemindedness as the breeding ground for
crime?
a. Henry H. Goddard b. Goddard
c. Richard Dugdale d. Pedigree
48. He trace the ancestry of a family as the Jukes. He
found that not only the current members always in
trouble with the law, but that the family history
extensively included pauperism, prostitution, fornication,
illegitimacy, and degeneracy.
a. Henry H. Goddard b. Jonathan Edward
c. Richard Dugdale d. Pedigree
49.The family of ______ traced that no one of descendants
was found to be criminal. Many became Presidents,
U.S governors and members of the supreme courts?
a. Henry H. Goddard b. Jonathan Edward
c. Richard Dugdale d. Pedigree
46. Studied a family known as the Kallikaks. He traced
this criminal family’s history back six generations to the
illegitimate offspring of a “feebleminded” barmaid.
a. Henry H. Goddard b. Goddard
c. Richard Dugdale d. Pedigree
47. He saw feeblemindedness as the breeding ground for
crime?
a. Henry H. Goddard b. Goddard
c. Richard Dugdale d. Pedigree
48. He trace the ancestry of a family as the Jukes. He
found that not only the current members always in trouble
with the law, but that the family history extensively
included pauperism, prostitution, fornication, illegitimacy,
and degeneracy.
a. Henry H. Goddard b. Jonathan Edward
c. Richard Dugdale d. Pedigree
49.The family of ______ traced that no one of descendants
was found to be criminal. Many became Presidents, U.S
governors and members of the supreme courts?
a. Henry H. Goddard b. Jonathan Edward
c. Richard Dugdale d. Pedigree
 Intelligence and Crime:
• Pedigree – is the process of tracing the family tree of
criminals to see if the genealogy contains examples of
family ancestors with low intelligence.
• Richard Dugdale – in 1877, went back 200 years to
trace the ancestry of a family as the Jukes. He found
that not only the current members always in trouble
with the law, but that the family history extensively
included pauperism, prostitution, fornication,
illegitimacy, and degeneracy.
• The three D’s in society clamored by American:
– The Dangerous (mentally ill) class;
– the Delinquent (criminal) class; and
– the Defective (mentally retarded) class.
• Henry H. Goddard – in 1912, studied a family known
as the Kallikaks. He traced this criminal family’s
history back six generations to the illegitimate offspring
of a “feebleminded” barmaid.
• Goddard – saw feeblemindedness as the breeding
ground for crime.
50. Is the process of tracing the family tree of criminals to
see if the genealogy contains examples of family ancestors
with low intelligence.
a. Henry H. Goddard b. Jonathan Edward
c. Richard Dugdale d. Pedigree
51. Is a turning point in the course of anything, decisive or
crucial time, stage or event.
a. problem b. hazard
c. crisis d. risk
52. It is the act or manner of managing, handling decisive
or crucial time, stage or event.
a. problem management b. hazard management
c. crisis management d. risk management

53. It is influenced by the outside causes or factors.

Examples are: Threat or threats to one’s life and or family
including property?
a. External crisis b. Internal crisis
c. Outside Crisis d. Inside Crisis
50. Is the process of tracing the family tree of criminals to
see if the genealogy contains examples of family ancestors
with low intelligence.
a. Henry H. Goddard b. Jonathan Edward
c. Richard Dugdale d. Pedigree
51. Is a turning point in the course of anything, decisive or
crucial time, stage or event.
a. problem b. hazard
c. crisis d. risk
52. It is the act or manner of managing, handling decisive
or crucial time, stage or event.
a. problem management b. hazard management
c. crisis management d. risk management

53. It is influenced by the outside causes or factors.

Examples are: Threat or threats to one’s life and or family
including property?
a. External crisis b. Internal crisis
c. Outside Crisis d. Inside Crisis
 3 Elements of Crises
Management

1. threat to the organization or

public
2. element of surprise
3. short decision time
 Phases of a Crisis
•

1. Pre-Incident Phase - is the period of time prior to an

incident occurring. This Phase consists of the following:

a. Prediction - determination of what incident is going to

occur and when it is going to occur, is the key to
minimizing the effects of the incident.
b. Prevention - the best way to minimize the damage
done by an incident is to prevent it from occurring. Not all
incidents are preventable like natural disasters. Some
preventable incidents may be detected too late to
prevent them.
c. Preparation - 2 Forms of preparation
1. Preparation of the response designed to prevent
the incident
2. Preparation for the incident.
2. Incident Occurrence - is the instance in time at which
the incident occurs or starts to occur if it has not been
prevented.
3. Post-Occurrence Phase - during this phase, the
incident may get worse. This Phase consists of the
following:
a. Recognition
b. Response
1. Initial Response
2. Consolidation
3. Stand down
c. Recovery
d. Investigation

4. Post-Incident Phase - incident is likely to have a

finite lifetime. Most incidents will conclude without
intervention. However, without intervention the
effects of the incident may be worse .
54. Those that are caused by the individual’s psychological,
emotional, personal, financial, economic, moral, spiritual,
cultural, occupational and other internal distress,
examples are: Family Tragedy/s Death of loved ones?
a. External crisis b. Internal crisis
c. Outside Crisis d. Inside Crisis
55. Arise from natural phenomena. Rarely can be done to
prevent this type of hazards. Are as follows: flood
earthquakes?

a. Natural Hazards (crisis)

b. Human or Man Made Disaster (crisis)
c. Structural Disaster
d. All of these
56. It is the result of the state of mind, attitude,
weakness, or character traits of a person or group of
persons?
a. Natural Hazards (crisis)
b. Human or Man Made Disaster (crisis)
c. Structural Disaster
d. All of these
54. Those that are caused by the individual’s psychological,
emotional, personal, financial, economic, moral, spiritual,
cultural, occupational and other internal distress,
examples are: Family Tragedy/s Death of loved ones?
a. External crisis b. Internal crisis
c. Outside Crisis d. Inside Crisis

55. Arise from natural phenomena. Rarely can be done to

prevent this type of hazards. Are as follows: flood
earthquakes?
a. Natural Hazards (crisis)
b. Human or Man Made Disaster (crisis)
c. Structural Disaster
d. All of these
56. It is the result of the state of mind, attitude,
weakness, or character traits of a person or group of
persons?
a. Natural Hazards (crisis)
b. Human or Man Made Disaster (crisis)
c. Structural Disaster
d. All of these
 Kinds of Crisis:
1. External crisis – it is influenced by the outside causes or factors.
Examples are:
a. Threat or threats to one’s life and or family including
property:
– Assassination/Killing
– Kidnapping
– Robbery/Hold-up
– Political Prosecution
– Organizational Job Harassment
– Disaster/Calamities:
» fires
» earthquakes
» typhoon/floods
» tidal waves
» el niño
» epidemics
– Hostage Taking
b. Professional jealousy and Discriminations
» Assignment/Re-assignment, etc.
» Cases, changes, complaints, intrigues, etc.
2. Internal Crisis – those that are caused by the individual’s
psychological, emotional, personal, financial,economic, moral,
spiritual, cultural,occupational and othe internal distress.
Examples are:
– Family Tragedy/s:
• Death of loved ones
• Financial burdens
• Economic shortcomings
• illness or sickness
• Bad news
• Accident/emergencies
– Failure to attain or to achieve one’s aspiration, such as:
• Failed in test/board exams etc.
• Demotion/assigned to lower position
• Bypassed by subordinates or those he/she observed to be
undeserving
• Emotional tension or problem
• Marriage or family problems
– Emotional Negative values and ethics
• Queer/unique characteristics
• Social outcast
• Family outcast
• Professional outcast
• Others.
57. A person who is held as a security for the fulfillment of
certain term or demands?
a. Hostage b. Hostage Taker (HT)
c. Negotiate d. Hostage Situation (HS)

58. A situation where persons are held as hostage by

hostage taker.
a. Hostage b. Hostage Taker (HT)
c. Negotiate d. Hostage Situation (HS)

59. To arrange or settle by conferring or discussing?

a. Hostage b. Hostage Taker (HT)
c. Negotiate d. Hostage Situation (HS)

60. A person holds other people as hostage.

a. Hostage b. Hostage Taker (HT)
c. Negotiate d. Hostage Situation (HS)
57. A person who is held as a security for the fulfillment of
certain term or demands?
a. Hostage b. Hostage Taker (HT)
c. Negotiate d. Hostage Situation (HS)

58. A situation where persons are held as hostage by

hostage taker.
a. Hostage b. Hostage Taker (HT)
c. Negotiate d. Hostage Situation (HS)

59. To arrange or settle by conferring or discussing?

a. Hostage b. Hostage Taker (HT)
c. Negotiate d. Hostage Situation (HS)

60. A person holds other people as hostage.

a. Hostage b. Hostage Taker (HT)
c. Negotiate d. Hostage Situation (HS)
 HOSTAGE NEGOTIATIONS AND RECOVERY

• Hostage – a person who is held as a security

for the fulfillment of certain term or demands.
• Hostage Taker (HT) – a person holds other
people as hostage.
• Negotiate – to arrange or settle by conferring
or discussing.
• Hostage Situation (HS) – a situation where
persons are held as hostage by hostage taker.
• Police Negotiator – A police personnel tasked
with establishing communication and conduct
negotiation with hostage taker.
In order to successfully negotiate a hostage
situation, there must be:
– A need to live on the part of the HT
– A threat of force by the authorities
– Communication between the HT and authorities
– A leader among the HT’s
– A demand by the HT
– Containment
– Time
– A negotiator for the authorities
 Positive Effects of time:
1. Increase basic human needs
2. Reduced anxiety
3. Increase rationality
4.Allow Formation of the Stockholm Syndrome
(SS) – is a strange development in a hostage
situation where one or the entire three (3)
situation indicated below takes place:
– Positive feeling of Hostage for Hostage Taker.
– Negative feeling of hostage against authorities
– Positive feeling of hostage taker for hostage ideal
situation to develop.
5. Increase the Hostage opportunities for Escape
6.Permits better decision-making through the
gathering of intelligence.
7.Allows formation of Police Negotiator (PN) –
Hostage Taker (HT) (rapport)
8.Hostage Taker’s expectation are reduced

Negative effects of time:

– Exhaustion
– Loss of Objectivity
– Boredom
– Creeping-up Effect
 What is Negotiable?
– Food
– Drink
– Transportation
– Money
– Media Coverage
– Weapons of the hostage taker in exchange of minor
demand
– Exchanges of hostages who are sickly or children
preferably.

What is Non-Negotiable?
– Weapons
– Hostage
Cardinal Rule “Commanders don’t negotiate and Negotiator don’t
command”.
 Reasons why Commander don’t negotiate:
• Command of entire situation – negotiation is
only part f the task of a commander.
• Stalling Tactics – if the HT knows that he deal
with the commander he will demand
everything and the Commander can hardly
extricate himself.
• Authority – whereas negotiator has no
authority to grant the demands or decisions.
• No maintenance of Rapport - Conflict between
the position as commander and as negotiator.
• Lessen his personality
• Has no street experience.
• Loss of objectivity
 Demands (Guidelines for Police Negotiator)
• Give yourself room to Negotiate
• Make hostage taker work for everything he
gets.
• Make sure you get something in return for a
concession.
• Conserve your concession
• Log/Record all concessions
• Come “concession” give nothing away
• Don’t raise aspirations or expectations by
giving in to HT to much too fast.
• Don’t’ ask for his demands
• Don’t bring up old demands
• Avoid offering anything
• Don’t dismiss any demand as trivial
 Selection of Police Negotiator:
• A Good Cop
• Homicidal/Suicidal
• Patience
• Knowledge of Ways of Underworld
• Flexible
• Knows Psychology
• Knows the Dialect
• Excellent in both armed and un armed
combat
 Ways to surrender the Hostage Taker:

– Start with a positive attitude

– Don’t talk too much
– Ask for his surrender
– Ask him to explain his reluctance
– Reassure him that it is the wisest thing to do.
– Acts as if he decided that he is about to surrender.
– Talk about details of surrender process.
– Explain why now is better than later.

Principles in a hostage recovery:

– The hostage is and of himself has no value to the
criminal or hostage taker.
– It is just as much in the criminal’s interest as it in
yours not to let the situation go violent.
61. A kind of defense mechanism under aggression reaction, the
process of directing anger to someone or some thing other than
he is angry at.

a. Displacement b. Scapegoating
c. Aggression d. Nomadism
62. An aggressive reaction where one tries to blame or hold
responsible others to hide and conceal and explain his failures.
a. Displacement b. Scapegoating
c. Aggression d. Nomadism

63.–A chronic reaction pattern of resentment. Regards even

neutral situation as having hostile implication. The temper may
have come from parents and may be expressed practically to
everyone. Severe and prolonged may cause blind rage and go
berserk, may kill whoever is near.

a. Free-Floating Anger b. Scapegoating

c. Aggression d. Nomadism
61. A kind of defense mechanism under aggression
reaction, the process of directing anger to someone or
some thing other than he is angry at.
a. Displacement b. Scapegoating
c. Aggression d. Nomadism
62. An aggressive reaction where one tries to blame or
hold responsible others to hide and conceal and explain
his failures.
a. Displacement b. Scapegoating
c. Aggression d. Nomadism
63.–A chronic reaction pattern of resentment. Regards
even neutral situation as having hostile implication. The
temper may have come from parents and may be
expressed practically to everyone. Severe and prolonged
may cause blind rage and go berserk, may kill whoever is
near.
a. Free-Floating Anger b. Scapegoating
c. Aggression d. Nomadism
64. What kind of cause in the criminal behavior that is used to
designate the condition without which the disorder would not
have occurred. The main reason of the existence of the disorder.
a. Predisposing Cause b. Precipitating Cause
c. Primary Cause d. Reinforcing Cause

65. A kind of cause that there is a condition that proves too

much for the individual and triggers the disorder.
a. Predisposing Cause b. Precipitating Cause
c. Primary Cause d. Reinforcing Cause

66. There is complaints of bodily symptoms that suggest the

presence of physical problem but no organic basis can be found.
a. Asthenic Disorder b. Somatoform Disorder
c. Obsessive Compulsive disorder d. Dissociative
disorder
64. What kind of cause in the criminal behavior that is used to
designate the condition without which the disorder would not
have occurred. The main reason of the existence of the disorder.
a. Predisposing Cause b. Precipitating Cause
c. Primary Cause d. Reinforcing Cause

65. A kind of cause that there is a condition that proves too

much for the individual and triggers the disorder.
a. Predisposing Cause b. Precipitating Cause
c. Primary Cause d. Reinforcing Cause

66. There is complaints of bodily symptoms that suggest the

presence of physical problem but no organic basis can be found.
a. Asthenic Disorder b. Somatoform Disorder
c. Obsessive Compulsive disorder d. Dissociative
disorder
 CLASSIFICATION OF CAUSES OF
CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR
1. Primary Cause- used to designate the condition
without which the disorder would not have
occurred. The main reason of existence of the
disorder.
2. Predisposing Cause- a condition that come
before and paves the way for a possible later
occurrence of disorder under certain conditions.
3. Precipitating Cause- a condition that proves too
much for the individual and triggers the disorder.
4. Reinforcing Cause- a condition that tends to
maintain maladaptive behavior that is already
occuring.
 CLASSIFICATION OF
SOMATOFORM DISORDERS
• HYPOCHONDRIASIS- refers to excessive
concern about state of health or physical
condition (multiplicity about illness).
• Psychogenic Pain Disorder- characterized by
the report of severe and lasting pain. Either no
physical basis is apparent reaction greatly in
excess of what would be expected from the
physical abnormality.
• Conversion Disorder- a neurotic pattern in
which symptoms of some physical malfunction
or loss of control without any underlying
organic abnormality.
67. The term used to refer to these individuals ( not anti-
social) but particularly those who violate law and practice
“crime as a profession”. They are not normally associated
with any significant personally disturbances.
a. Dependent Personality Disorder
b. Avoidant Personality Disorder
c. Borderline Personality Disorder
d. Dyssocial Personality
68. Deterioration in intellectual functioning after
completing brain maturation. There is a defect in the
process of acquiring knowledge or skill, problem solving,
and judgment.
a. Hallucinosis
b. Amnestic Syndrome
c. Dementia
67. The term used to refer to these individuals ( not anti-
social) but particularly those who violate law and
practice “crime as a profession”. They are not normally
associated with any significant personally disturbances.
a. Dependent Personality Disorder
b. Avoidant Personality Disorder
c. Borderline Personality Disorder
d. Dyssocial Personality
68. Deterioration in intellectual functioning after
completing brain maturation. There is a defect in the
process of acquiring knowledge or skill, problem solving,
and judgment.
a. Hallucinosis
b. Amnestic Syndrome
c. Dementia
 2 kinds of Dementia
• Senile Dementia- mental disorder
that accompanied by brain
degeneration to old age.

• Presenile Dementia- mental

Disorder associated with earlier
degeneration of the brain.
69. It means no deal and no agreement—in other
words, failure of the negotiation.

a. Peacock b. Padlock
b. Deadlock d. Meanlock
70. Any person authorized by the Incident/On-
Scene Commander to communicate with the
hostage-takers either upon the request of the
latter or to facilitate smooth communication
between the designated negotiators and the
hostage-takers.

A. Negotiator b. Interventionary
c. Intermediary d. Spokesperson
69. It means no deal and no agreement—in other
words, failure of the negotiation.

a. Peacock b. Padlock
b. Deadlock d. Meanlock
70. Any person authorized by the Incident/On-
Scene Commander to communicate with the
hostage-takers either upon the request of the
latter or to facilitate smooth communication
between the designated negotiators and the
hostage-takers.

A. Negotiator b. Interventionary
c. Intermediary d. Spokesperson
71. A defense on the ground of insanity can
be established if it can be proven that at the
time of committing the act.
a. Irresistible Impulse Rule
b. Mcnaghten Rule
c. Durham Rule
d. Wild beast Rule
71. A defense on the ground of insanity can
be established if it can be proven that at the
time of committing the act.
a. Irresistible Impulse Rule
b. Mcnaughten Rule
c. Durham Rule
d. Wild beast Rule
72. This category includes the one who
falls on the extreme side of violence,
he is the most dangerous because the
law, in his mind has no legal basis.

a. The common criminal

b. The psycho
c. The fanatic
d. None of these
72. This category includes the one who
falls on the extreme side of violence,
he is the most dangerous because the
law, in his mind has no legal basis.

a. The common criminal

b. The psycho
c. The fanatic
d. None of these
 Three Generic Category of Hostage Takers

1. The Common Criminal

This type is classified as a rational
creative thinker, is able to reason and can
discriminate on how much force is to be
used against him.
2. The Psycho
This person is unpredictable and may
resort to violence depending on his mood
3. The Fanatic
This category includes the one who falls
on the extreme side of violence, he is the
most dangerous because the law, in his
mind has no legal basis.
73. Jun angry at his girlfriend's
continuous nagging, boxed a nearby
tree, this manifests what particular
aggressive reaction?

a. Displacement
b. Free floating anger
c. Scapegoating
d. Isolation
73. Jun angry at his girlfriend's
continuous nagging, boxed a nearby
tree, this manifests what particular
aggressive reaction?

a. Displacement
b. Free floating anger
c. Scapegoating
d. Isolation
How d people react to frustration?

Defense Reaction to Frustration: As the

individual progresses through life, he develops
up a broad repertoire of psychological
defensive reactions which he uses
unconsciously to adjust to ego-involving
frustrations. This reaction is helpful and
essentially normal if not used to an
extreme degree. It must not be used to the
extreme, neither one be overly dependent
upon them because these may actually hinder
rather than help the process of normal
adjustment. In terms of general patterns, we
may classify them in terms of three
Withdrawal Reactions - Form of physical flight.
Fantasy – Resorts to day dream (flight of the imagination)
as a temporary escape from the frustration of reality.
Nomadism - on the move – a migrant, traveler or journey
man who transfers from place to place
Regression – Or infantilism which indicates a return to
an earlier work
Depression – A reaction which excludes from conscious
awareness undesirable thought, feeling or memory
causing pain.
Reaction Formation – A withdrawal reaction which
prohibits from conscious awareness especially
unacceptable desires of impulses (the thought of it is guilt
provoking) may develop conscious attitude or overt
behavior that contradict his original wish.
Aggressive Reaction:
Displacement – The process of directing anger to
someone or some thing other than he is angry
at.
Free-Floating Anger – A chronic reaction pattern
of resentment. Regards even neutral situation as
having hostile implication. The temper may
have come from parents and may be expressed
practically to everyone. Severe and prolonged
may cause blind rage and go berserk, may kill
whoever is near.
Scapegoating – An aggressive reaction where one
tries to blame or hold responsible others to
hide and conceal and explain his failures.
Suicide - A person who is unable to express anger
openly and turns to himself for self-destruction.
Compromise Reaction:
Isolation – A concession where a person to avoid
conflict seals off attitudes in the mental
compartment allowing it to function in isolation
from conflicting ones. (Conflict is logically
incompatible).
Sublimation – A conciliation undertaken by
seeking a new goal that is socially acceptable.
Example: Hostility rage and anger participate in
painting, writing or engage sports, etc.
Overcompensation – A compensatory activity
which ceases to be value, for it gets out of control.
e.g. To solve financial problems and
woes, one goes to the race track and bets or go
the lotto booth on a daily basis in the hope of
winning the jackpot.
Compensation – The desire of the individual to
counterbalance inferiority to that of something he
can succeed. E.g. A person who wants to join the
police force but is unable to due to height
requirements tries to join the military service
instead.
Substitution – A compromise reaction where on
directs or shifts behavior to something
unacceptable by a society. E.g. Ariel who aspires
for the deanship position but due to lack of
experience and credentials would be unable to do
so is happy to work as a productive instructor.
74. There are four possible responses
during crisis management which of
the following is not included.

a. Chemical Agents
b. Isolate the area
c. Selective firepower
d. Contain and negotiate
74. There are four possible responses
during crisis management which of
the following is not included.

a. Chemical Agents
b. Isolate the area
c. Selective firepower
d. Contain and negotiate
Four Possible Responses During Crisis
Management

1. Chemical Agents
2. Selective Firepower
a.) Lethal
b.) Non - lethal
3. Tactical
a.) Silent Entry
b.) Assault
4. Contain and Negotiate
75. These are people who take hostages during a
period of prolonged frustration, despair and
problems.
a. Psychotics
b. Common criminals
c. Persons in crisis
d. Political terrorists

76. Are people who take hostages for personal,

rather than ideological reasons.

a. Psychotics
b. Common criminals
c. Persons in crisis
d. Political terrorists
75. These are people who take hostages during a
period of prolonged frustration, despair and
problems.
a. Psychotics
b. Common criminals
c. Persons in crisis
d. Political terrorists

76. Are people who take hostages for personal

reasons, rather than ideological reasons.

a. Psychotics
b. Common criminals
c. Persons in crisis
d. Political terrorists
 Five Categories of Hostage Takers
1. Persons in Crisis - people who take hostages during a
period of prolonged frustration, despair and
problem.

2. Psychotics - mentally ill people who take hostages

during a period of psychiatric disturbance.

3. Common Criminals - people who take hostages for

personal reasons rather than ideological reasons.

4. Prisoners - people who take hostages because of

dissatisfaction and discontent regarding their living
conditions is prison.

5. Political Terrorist - are ideologically inspired

individuals or groups of people who take hostages
because of political and ideological beliefs.
77. Consists of work to be performed in
order to assess and regulate work in
progress and which needs to be
finished.

a. Planning
b. Organizing
c. Leading
d. Controlling
77. Consists of work to be performed in
order to assess and regulate work in
progress and which needs to be
finished.

a. Planning
b. Organizing
c. Leading
d. Controlling
Four Major Activities in Managing Hostage
Situations
1. Planning - consists of work to be performed in
order to predertermine a course of action.
2. Organizing - consists of work to be performed
in order to arrange and relate work so that it
can be accomplished effectively.
3. Leading - consists of work to be performed in
order to stimulate people to take effective
action.
4. Controlling - consists of work to be performed
in order to asses and regulate work in progress
and which needs to be finished.
78. Responds to the crime scene, confirms
situation, evacuates injured and the
threatened, evaluates situation, establishes
perimeter, gathers intelligence and identifies
command post.

a. Tactical squad personnel

b. Emergency services team
c. Patrol Officers
d. Staff psychologists
78. Responds to the crime scene, confirms
situation, evacuates injured and the
threatened, evaluates situation, establishes
perimeter, gathers intelligence and identifies
command post.

a. Tactical squad personnel

b. Emergency services team
c. Patrol Officers
d. Staff psychologists
79. Manager, controller, overall decision
maker, and delegates authority for
perimeters, negotiations, tactical
planning, support elements, logistics
and media relations.

A. Commander
b. Negotiator
c. Public Information Officer
d. Communications specialist
79. Manager, controller, overall decision
maker, and delegates authority for
perimeters, negotiations, tactical
planning, support elements, logistics
and media relations.

A. Commander
b. Negotiator
c. Public Information Officer
d. Communications specialist
80. Sets up and monitors
communication and surveillance
equipment and maintains liason with
telephone companies.

a. Communications Specialists
b. Patrol officer
c. Emergency services team
d. Negotiators
80. Sets up and monitors
communication and surveillance
equipment and maintains liason with
telephone companies.

a. Communications Specialists
b. Patrol officer
c. Emergency services team
d. Negotiators
Composition of Crisis Management Team
1. Patrol officer - responds to the crime
scene, confirms situation, evacuates injured
and the threatened, evaluates situation,
establishes perimeter, gathers intelligence
and identifies command post.
2. Commander - manager, controller, overall
decision maker, and delegates authority for
perimeters, negotiations, tactical planning,
support elements, logistics and media
relations.
3. Emergency Services Team -
reconnaisance, arrest, counter sniper,
isolation, evacuation, placement of
electronic devices, assault and rescue.
4. Negotiator - primary communicator with
perpetrators, coaches, chronographers, messengers,
radio operators and intelligence officers.
5. Communications Specialists - sets up and monitors
communication and surveillance equipment and
maintains liason with telephone companies.
6. Tactical Squad Personnel - containment teams,
isolation teams, observation teams, security teams
and support teams to emergency service teams.
7. Combat Photographers - gather intelligence, record
and preserve the evidence
8. Aerial Support Crew - aerial surveillance,
evacuation services and transportation
9. Public Information Officer - issues media
briefings, monitors media activities, monitors
community sentiments, maintains liaison with
media, and issues press releases.
10. Explosives Ordnance Personnel - advise
emergency services teams on improvised
explosive devices
81. The kind of family structure that
could influence a person to criminal
behavior, charcterized by non -
satisfaction of one or both parents
from relationship that may express
feeling of frustration.

a. Anti - social family

b. Inadequate family
c. Disturbed family
d. Disrupted family
81. The kind of family structure that
could influence a person to criminal
behavior, charcterized by non -
satisfaction of one or both parents
from relationship that may express
feeling of frustration.

a. Anti - social family

b. Inadequate family
c. Disturbed family
d. Disrupted family
 Pathogenic Family Structure
• Inadequate family - characterized by the
inability to cope with the ordinary problems of
family living. It lacks the resources, physical or
psychological, for meeting the demands of
family satisfaction.
• Anti - Social Family - those that espouses
unacceptable values as a result of the influence
of parents to their children.
• Disturbed Family- The kind of family structure that
could influence a person to criminal behavior,
charcterized by non - satisfaction of one or both
parents from relationship that may express
feeling of frustration.
• Disrupted Family - characterized by
incompleteness whether as a result of death,
divorce, separation or some other
circumstances.
82. American criminologist known for
his containment theory of criminology,
which stated that crimr is commonly
arises from a breakdown in moral and
social forces that otherwise “contain”
deviant behaviour.

a. Robert King Merton

b. Frederick Engel
c. Lloyd Ohlin
d. Walter Reckless
82. American criminologist known for
his containment theory of criminology,
which stated that crime is commonly
arises from a breakdown in moral
and social forces that otherwise
“contain” deviant behaviour.

a. Robert King Merton

b. Frederick Engel
c. Lloyd Ohlin
d. Walter Reckless
83. Strain theory is a theory of
criminology developed by
.

a. Robert King Merton

b. Robert Agnew
c. Albert Cohen
d. Emile Durkheim
83. Strain theory is a theory of
criminology developed by
.

a. Robert King Merton

b. Robert Agnew
c. Albert Cohen
d. Emile Durkheim
84. He advocated the Sub - Culture
Theory. He maintained that criminals
generally lack the means to achieve
social status along conventional lines,
and in response they form groups
(gangs) that invert the conventional
expectations in terms of which status
is achieved.
a. Albert Cohen
b. Frank Tennenbaum
c. Edwin Lamert
d. Howard Becker
84. He advocated the Sub - Culture
Theory. He maintained that criminals
generally lack the means to achieve
social status along conventional lines,
and in response they form groups
(gangs) that invert the conventional
expectations in terms of which
status is achieved.
a. Albert Cohen
b. Frank Tennenbaum
c. Edwin Lamert
d. Howard Becker
85. He advocated the Differential
Opportunity Theory. This theory
explained that society leads the
lower class to want things that are
out of reach. Thus they are provided
with greater opportunities for the
acquisition of deviant acts.

a. Gresham Sykes
b. Ernest Hooton
c. Earl Richard Quinney
d. Lloyd Ohlin
85. He advocated the Differential
Opportunity Theory. This theory
explained that society leads the
lower class to want things that are
out of reach. Thus they are provided
with greater opportunities for the
acquisition of deviant acts.

a. Gresham Sykes
b. Ernest Hooton
c. Earl Richard Quinney
d. Lloyd Ohlin
86. An anthropologist who re -
examined the work of Goring and
found that "Tall thin men tend to
commit forgery and fraud. He also
contended that criminals are
originally inferior.

a. Earnest Hooton
b. William Sheldon
c. Ernest Kretschmer
d. Robert Ezra Park
86. An anthropologist who re -
examined the work of Goring and
found that "Tall thin men tend to
commit forgery and fraud. He also
contended that criminals are
originally inferior.

a. Earnest Hooton
b. William Sheldon
c. Ernest Kretschmer
d. Robert Ezra Park
87. He advocated the Neutralization
Theory. It maintains that an
individual will obey societal rules
depending upon his or her ability to
rationalize whether he is protected
from hurt or destruction.

a. Alexander Lacassagne
b. Archibald Reiss
c. Gresham Sykes
d. Eugene Francois Vidocq
87. He advocated the Neutralization
Theory. It maintains that an
individual will obey societal rules
depending upon his or her ability to
rationalize whether he is protected
from hurt or destruction.

a. Alexander Lacassagne
b. Archibald Reiss
c. Gresham Sykes
d. Eugene Francois Vidocq
88. An inverse of Stockholm, the
abductors develop sympathy for
their hostages.

a. London Syndrome
b. Lima Syndrome
c. Fourth Syndrome
d. Stockholm Syndrome
88. An inverse of Stockholm, the
abductors develop sympathy for
their hostages.

a. London Syndrome
b. Lima Syndrome
c. Fourth Syndrome
d. Stockholm Syndrome
89. Who is the advocator of the
Social Class Conflict and
Capitalism Theory?

a. Lloyd Ohlin
b. Earl Richard Quinney
c. Karl Marx
d. Ewind Sutherland
89. Who is the advocator of the
Social Class Conflict and
Capitalism Theory?

a. Lloyd Ohlin
b. Earl Richard Quinney
c. Karl Marx
d. Ewind Sutherland
90. Considers the underlying
assumption that different crime is a
result of different combination of the
factors.

a. Single unitary theory factor

b. Multiple theory factor
c. Eclectic theory factor
d. Social theory factor
90. Considers the underlying
assumption that different crime is a
result of different combination of the
factors.

a. Single unitary theory factor

b. Multiple theory factor
c. Eclectic theory factor
d. Social theory factor
91. The state exist as a device for
controlling the exploited class that
labors for the benefit of the ruling
class.

a. Theory of Capitalist
b. Differential Opportunity Theory
c. Social Disorganization Theory
d. Routine Activities Theory
91. The state exist as a device for
controlling the exploited class that
labors for the benefit of the ruling
class.

a. Theory of Capitalist
b. Differential Opportunity Theory
c. Social Disorganization Theory
d. Routine Activities Theory
92. It drives crime against person that
predominates in the south pole during
warm season and crimes against
property that predominate in the
North Pole and cold countries;

a. Geographical factors
b. Biological factors
c. Psychological and psychiatric factor
d. Psychiatric factors
92. It drives crime against person that
predominates in the south pole during
warm season and crimes against
property that predominate in the
North Pole and cold countries;

a. Geographical factors
b. Biological factors
c. Psychological and psychiatric factor
d. Psychiatric factors
93. The factor identified by Dr. Charles
Goring that is more influential as
determinant criminal behavior than
environmental factors is___

a. Heredity
b. Temperature
c. Facial features
d. Defective physique
93. The factor identified by Dr. Charles
Goring that is more influential as
determinant criminal behavior than
environmental factors is___

a. Heredity
b. Temperature
c. Facial features
d. Defective physique
94. The study conducted by Goddard on
the Kallikak Family Tree, indicates some
proof showing;

a. The role mental defect in the

development of criminality
b. The role of heredity in the development
of criminality
c. The effect of environment in the
development of criminal behavior
d. The role of criminosynthesis in the
explanation of crime
94. The study conducted by Goddard on
the Kallikak Family Tree, indicates some
proof showing;

a. The role mental defect in the

development of criminality
b. The role of heredity in the development
of criminality
c. The effect of environment in the
development of criminal behavior
d. The role of criminosynthesis in the
explanation of crime
95. He believes that insanity and
criminal behavior are strongly linked.

a. Henry Goddard
b. Thortein Sellin
c. Henry Maudsley
d. Charles Darwin
95. He believes that insanity and
criminal behavior are strongly linked.

a. Henry Goddard
b. Thortein Sellin
c. Henry Maudsley
d. Charles Darwin
96. He studied 2,000 convicts because
he was challenged by Cesare
Lombroso to prove that Lombroso was
wrong about his theory.

a. Charles Darwin
b. Charles Goring
c. Ernest Hooton
d. Jeremy Betham
96. He studied 2,000 convicts because
he was challenged by Cesare
Lombroso to prove that Lombroso was
wrong about his theory.

a. Charles Darwin
b. Charles Goring
c. Ernest Hooton
d. Jeremy Betham
97. Influenced on Lombroso's theory of
atavistic stigmata, he traced the roots
of criminal behavior not to physical
features but to their psychological
equivalents, which he called "moral
anomalie".

a. Enrico Ferri
b. Cesare Becarria
c. Raffaele Garofalo
d. Emile Durkheim
97. Influenced on Lombroso's theory of
atavistic stigmata, he traced the roots
of criminal behavior not to physical
features but to their psychological
equivalents, which he called "moral
anomalie".

a. Enrico Ferri
b. Cesare Becarria
c. Raffaele Garofalo
d. Emile Durkheim
Types of Criminals by Garofalo:

1. Murderers - those who are satisfied from

vengeance/revenge.
2. Violent Criminals - those who commit very
serious crimes.
3. Deficient Criminals - those who commit
crimes against property.
4. Lascivious Crminals - those who commit
crimes against chastity.
98. For the second quarter of of this year, Davao
City has recorded a total crime volume of 550,
with 450 crimes recorded were considered as
solved. What is the Crime Solution Efficiency
of the Davao City Police Office?

a. 81.82 %
b. 83 %
c. 18.20 %
d. 88.10 %
CRIME SOLUTION EFFICIENCY FORMULA:

CSE = CS/CV x 100

where: CSE = Crime Solution Efficiency

CS = Number of Crimes Solved
CV = Crime Volume
98. For the second quarter of of this year, Davao
City has recorded a total crime volume of 550,
with 450 crimes recorded were considered as
solved. What is the Crime Solution Efficiency
of the Davao City Police Office?

a. 81.82 %
b. 83 %
c. 18.20 %
d. 88.10 %
99. For the month of december, Davao City Police
Office recorded a total crime volume of 250.
Compute the monthly crime rate of Davao City
if it has a total population of 135,000.

a. 184.20
b. 186.40
c. 185.18
d. 187.50

Note: Monthly crime rate refers to the frequency

of crime occurence by month for every 100,000
population in a particular geographical
location.
MONTHLY CRIME RATE FORMULA:

MCR = CV x C
P

where: MCR = Monthly Crime Rate

CV = Crime Volume
C = Constant
P = Population
Note: In the computation of crime
statistics, 100,000 is always a constant factor.
99. For the month of december, Davao City Police
Office recorded a total crime volume of 250.
Compute the monthly crime rate of Davao City
if it has a total population of 135,000.

a. 184.20
b. 186.40
c. 185.18
d. 187.50

Note: Monthly crime rate refers to the frequency

of crime occurence by month for every 100,000
population in a particular geographical
location.
100. The process of obtaining a detailed account
of the victim’s lifestyle and personality that can
assist in determining the nature of the
disappearance, the risk level of the victim, and
thetype of person who could have committed the
crime.
a. Victimless Crimes
b. Victimology
c. Victimization
d. Victilization
100. The process of obtaining a detailed account
of the victim’s lifestyle and personality that can
assist in determining the nature of the
disappearance, the risk level of the victim, and
thetype of person who could have committed the
crime.
a. Victimless Crimes
b. Victimology
c. Victimization
d. Victilization
KINDS OF VICTIMS:

1. DIRECT OR PRIMARY VICTIM

- the person who was actually
harmed because of the
commission of the offense.
2. INDIRECT OR SECONDARY
VICTIM
- refers to the family or loved
ones of the victims.
101. What type of conflict that a person
is motivated to engage in two desirable
activities that cannot be pursued
simultaneously.

a. Double Avoidance Conflict

b. Double Approach Conflict
c. Approach avoidance conflict
d. Multiple approach avoidance conflict
101. What type of conflict that a person
is motivated to engage in two desirable
activities that cannot be pursued
simultaneously.

a. Double Avoidance Conflict

b. Double Approach Conflict
c. Approach avoidance conflict
d. Multiple approach avoidance conflict
Types of Conflicts
• Double approach conflict - a person is
motivated to engage in two desirable
activities that cannot be pursued
simultaneously.
• Double avoidance conflict - a person faces
two undersirable situations in which the
avoidance of one is the exposure to the
other resulting to an intense emotion.
• Approach avoidance conflict - a person
faces situation having both a desirable and
undesirable feature. Sometimes called
dillema.
• Multiple approach avoidance conflict - a
situation in which a choice must be made
between two or more alternatives each has
both positive and negative features.
102. Who coined White Collar
Crimes?

a. Lloyd Ohlin
b. Edwin Sutherland
c. Raffaele Garofalo
d. Emile Durkheim
102. Who coined White Collar
Crimes?

a. Lloyd Ohlin
b. Edwin Sutherland
c. Raffaele Garofalo
d. Emile Durkheim
 “WHITE COLLAR CRIMES”
Edwin Sutherland defined white-
collar crime as criminal acts committed
by a person of respectability and high
social in the course of his or her
occupation.
103. The compilation of data pertaining to crimes.
The measure of the level or amount of crimes.
a. Crime Index
b. Crime Statistics
c. Crime Error
d. Crime Web
104. Crimes which are sufficiently significant and which occur
with sufficient regularity to be meaningful, such as MURDER,
HOMICIDE, PHYSICAL INJURY, ROBBERY, THEFT AND
RAPE.
a. Index Crime
b. Crime Statistics
c. Crime Error
d. Crime Web
103. The compilation of data pertaining to crimes.
The measure of the level or amount of crimes.
a. Crime Index
b. Crime Statistics
c. Crime Error
d. Crime Web
104. Crimes which are sufficiently significant and which occur
with sufficient regularity to be meaningful, such as MURDER,
HOMICIDE, PHYSICAL INJURY, ROBBERY, THEFT AND
RAPE.
a. Index Crime
b. Crime Statistics
c. Crime Error
d. Crime Web
CRIME STATISTICS

 compilation of data pertaining to

crimes.

 the measure of the level or amount

of crimes.
INDEX CRIMES

 crimes which are sufficiently significant

and which occur with sufficient
regularity to be meaningful, such as
MURDER, HOMICIDE, PHYSICAL
INJURY, ROBBERY, THEFT AND RAPE
105. Crimes that are not classified as index
crimes and all other crimes not enumerated
as index crimes.
a. Crime Index
b. Crime Statistics
c. Crime Error
d. Non- Index Crimes
106. The measure of the rate of occurrence
of crimes committed in a given area and
time.
a. Crime volume
B. Crime statistics
C. Crime rate
D. Non- index crimes
105. Crimes that are not classified as index
crimes and all other crimes not enumerated
as index crimes.
a. Crime Index
b. Crime Statistics
c. Crime Error
d. Non- Index Crimes
106. The measure of the rate of occurrence
of crimes committed in a given area and
time.
a. Crime volume
B. Crime statistics
C. Crime rate
D. Non- index crimes
NON-INDEX CRIMES

 crimes that are not classified as index

crimes

 all other crimes not enumerated as

index crimes
CRIME RATE

the measure of the rate of occurrence of

crimes committed in a given area and time.

CRIME VOLUME
CRIME RATE = _______________ X 100,000
TOTAL POPULATION
107. The number of crimes reported as
to its classification, whether index or
non-index , within a given period.

A. Crime volume
B. Crime statistics
C. Crime rate
D. Non- index crimes
107. The number of crimes reported as
to its classification, whether index or
non-index , within a given period.

A. Crime volume
B. Crime statistics
C. Crime rate
D. Non- index crimes
CRIME VOLUME

the number of crimes reported as to

its classification, whether index or non-
index , within a given period.

CRIME RATE X TOTAL POPULATION

CRIME VOLUME = ____________________________
100,000
108. If the population in municipality A is
195,000, and the crime volume is 2,540,
what is the crime rate?
a) 1230.6 c) 1465.2
b) 1302.6 d) 1203.5

109. If Metro Manila accounts for 26% of the

national total crime volume of 84,875, how
many crimes were reported to the police?
a) 20,250 c) 32,644
b) 22,068 d) 22,868
CRIME RATE

the measure of the rate of occurrence of

crimes committed in a given area and time.

CRIME VOLUME
CRIME RATE = _______________ X 100,000
TOTAL POPULATION
SAMPLE BOARD EXAM QUESTION #1:
If the population in municipality A is 195,000, and the
crime volume is 2,540, what is the crime rate?
a) 1230.6 c) 1465.2
b) 1302.6 d) 1203.5

2,540
CR = ------------ X 100,000
195,000

= 1302.564102
108. If the population in municipality A is
195,000, and the crime volume is 2,540,
what is the crime rate?
a) 1230.6 c) 1465.2
b) 1302.6 d) 1203.5

109. If Metro Manila accounts for 26% of the

national total crime volume of 84,875, how
many crimes were reported to the police?
a) 20,250 c) 32,644
b) 22,068 d) 22,868
SAMPLE BOARD EXAM QUESTION #2:
If Metro Manila accounts for 26% of the national
total crime volume of 84,875, how many crimes
were reported to the police?
a) 20,250 c) 32,644
b) 22,068 d) 22,868

Formula: 84,875 x .26 = 22,067.5

110. It is a morbid fear of one’s self or of
being alone.

a. Monophobia
b. Megalomania
c. Philophobia
d. Kleptomania
110. It is a morbid fear of one’s self or of
being alone.

a. Monophobia
b. Megalomania
c. Autophobia
d. Kleptomania