An Overview of Mobile Communication

FREQUENCY MANAGEMENT
AND
CHANNEL ASSIGNMENT

Name : Nilesh Kumar Sahu

Roll No. : MT/CS/10002/18
Under the supervision of : Dr. Sanjay Kumar

06—April-19 BIT MESRA 1

 Contents
• Frequency Management
• Channel assignment
– Channel assignment categories
• Fixed channel assignment
– Channel Sharing Scheme
– Channel borrowing Scheme
• Dynamic channel assignment
• Comparison between Fixed and Dynamic channel
assignment
• Hybrid channel assignment

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 Frequency Management
Why Frequency management

– To support as many user as possible

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 Frequency Management

– Efficient utilization of allocated frequency band

– Dividing system frequency band into a number of

sub-sets of frequency channels

– Proper frequency planning to minimize interference

– This results to appropriate number of channels with

appropriate bandwidth

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 Channel assignment
• Allocation of specific channels to cell sites and
mobile units.

• stabilize fluctuations in call block probability

• Increase frequency utilization

• Minimize the overall interference

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 Channel assignment strategies

Channel Assignment
Strategies

Fixed Channel Dynamic Channel Hybrid channel

Assignment Assignment Assignment

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 Fixed Channel Assignment

• BTS assigned with fixed number of channels on long term

basis

• Whole system frequency band is divided into sub-sets of

frequency channels

• At any instant of time, an UE is allocated with an available

free channel

• If all the channels with the base station are already

occupied, then the call is blocked and the service will be
denied

• Optimal when traffic densities are uniform

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 Fixed Channel Assignment

• Base station is unable to handle the traffic within the cell, due to increased
traffic density

• At the same time, nearby cell may have low traffic density compared to the
available frequency channels

• Cell with increased traffic may hire some frequency channels from neighboring
cell, using either of the two schemes
– Channel Sharing and Channel Borrowing

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 Fixed Channel Assignment

FCA schemes

Channel sharing scheme Channel borrowing Scheme

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 Channel Sharing Scheme

• BTS share some of the channels used by nearby cell on short term basis

• Shared channels are returned as soon as they become free

• Increases trunking efficiency

• Temporary channel borrowing

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 Channel Borrowing Scheme

• BTS is permitted to borrow frequency channels from a nearby cell, which may
have some free unused channels

• Channel borrowing is done for a longer time duration

• It ensures that interference should not be caused to the cells

• It is based on assigning priority to each channel in a cell.

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 Dynamic Channel Assignment

Why dynamic channel assignment

– Traffic density of a cell may keep changing over time

– The fixed channel assignment strategy would be spectrally inefficient

– Limited number of frequency channels available to be assigned to a cell,

due to limited available spectrum

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 Dynamic Channel Assignment
• All channels are kept in central pool and are assigned dynamically when
requests are made

• Base station makes request to MSC based on current demand

• MSC assigns frequency channels

• Higher utilization of frequency channels

• Reduces blocking probability

• Increases trunking efficiency

• Once the assigned channel becomes free, it is returned to the central pool

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 Comparison Between FCA and DCA
Parameters Fixed Channel Dynamic Channel
Assignment(FCA) Assignment(DCA)
Flexible No Yes
Frequency Planning Required Not required
Computational load on MSC No Yes
Complexity Low High
Adaptive No Yes
Call blocking probability High Low
Set up delay Low High
Performance Better under uniform and Better under non-uniform and
heavy traffic densities lower traffic densities
Efficient spectrum use No Yes
Load Balancing Doesn’t support Supports
Keeping Track of channels No need Need
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 Hybrid Channel Assignment

• Combination of fixed and dynamic channel assignment strategies

• Part of total frequency channels used as fixed assignment and rest of channels
used for dynamic assignment

• When base station has exhausted all its assigned channel then it can make
request for dynamic channel assignment

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 References

[1] Kumar ,S.(2015).Wireless communication the fundamental and advanced

concepts
[2] www.google.com/eceworks.com/mobilecommunication

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 THANK YOU !

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