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Material and Property

Pig iron is a raw material produced from blast furnaces that contains a high carbon content around 3.5-4.5% along with other impurities. It is very brittle and not directly useful except for limited applications. Pig iron can be further processed into cast iron, wrought iron, or steel using furnaces like cupola furnaces, pudding furnaces, or Bessemer converters. Wrought iron has a low carbon content between 0.02-0.03% making it more ductile than cast iron and suitable for structural applications. There are different types of cast iron including grey cast iron, which contains 2.5-3.8% carbon, and white cast iron containing 1

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298 views14 pages

Material and Property

Pig iron is a raw material produced from blast furnaces that contains a high carbon content around 3.5-4.5% along with other impurities. It is very brittle and not directly useful except for limited applications. Pig iron can be further processed into cast iron, wrought iron, or steel using furnaces like cupola furnaces, pudding furnaces, or Bessemer converters. Wrought iron has a low carbon content between 0.02-0.03% making it more ductile than cast iron and suitable for structural applications. There are different types of cast iron including grey cast iron, which contains 2.5-3.8% carbon, and white cast iron containing 1

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Rutvik
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 .

 Pig iron has a very high carbon content, typically 3.5–


4.5%,[1] along with silica and other constituents
of dross, which makes it very brittle and not useful
directly as a material except for limited applications.

 Pig Iron is a basic raw material for all irons and


produced from blast furnace.

 Pig Iron from ore contains three basic forms of Iron


1. Cast iron (Made from Cupola furnace)
2. Wrought Iron (Made from Pudding furnace)
3. Steel (Made from Bessemer converter)
Wrought Iron is a mechanical mixture of pure iron and
silicate slag
 Its Carbon Percentage is 0.02% to 0.03%
 Wrought iron has better tensile strength than cast iron
and is more ductile.
Wrought iron has better properties than cast iron for
structural use. Because of its low carbon content
wrought iron is ductile, 'tough' and has good resistance
to corrosion.

 Wrought Iron is having high ductile, corrosion resistant,


fatigue resistant

 Wrought Iron's melting point: 1510 degree C.


 Cast iron has good compressive strength but
relatively poor tensile strength.

 it is a strong material in compression, it is


weak in tension and is very brittle.
 Grey Cast Iron is an alloy of Carbon & silicon with
iron.

 Carbon percentage of Grey Cast Iron: 2.5 to 3.8 %

 Grey cast iron is having Self damping, good


antifriction properties and also having lowest
melting point.

 It has high compressive strength, low tensile


strength, high rigidity & stability

 Applications of Grey Cast Iron : Machine tool


structure,, piston rings, rolling mill. Water pipes.
 Carbon Percentage of White Cast Iron : 1.8 % to 3.6 %

 White cast Iron is not machinable.

 It has almost carbon,chemically bonded with the iron


as iron carbide,carbide is very hard and brittle
constituent.

 It has excellent abrasive wear resistance.

Used for producing and manufacturing of that part


which require a hard and abrasion resistant material.
 Malleable cast iron is one which can be hammered and rolled to obtain
different shapes.

 Malleable Cast Iron is obtained from hard &brittle white iron., through a
controlled heat treatment conversion process.

 Malleable Cast Iron is having Carbon % : 2 to 3 %

 Malleable Cast Iron having material properties like High yield strength,
ease of machinability, corrosion resistance.

 It is having high wear resistance & damping vibration.

 Malleable Cast Iron is used to make Crank-shaft, rail road, universal


joint, Automotive industries etc.
 Nodular cast Iron contains Carbon % : 3.2 % & 4.2 %

 Nodular cast Iron is having damping capacity intermediate


between cast iron & steel.

 This iron is also having high wear resistance

 Application:
 Pump compressor, valve, i.c engines, pipe, paper industry,.
 Plain carbon steel is the alloy of iron & carbon
and it is malleable.

 Carbon steel are different from iron as regards


the percentage of carbon.

 Carbon steel containing from 0.10 to 1.5%


carbon where as cast iron possesses from 1.8 to
4.2% carbon.

 Carbon steel are classified as low carbon steel or


mild steel, medium carbon steel and high carbon
steel.
 Dead mild steel
 C 0.05 to 0.15%
 It is used for making steel wire, sheets,screws,pipe
and chain
 It has tensile strength of 390 and hardness of 115
BHN.
 C 0.15 to 0.20%
 It has tensile strength of 420 and hardness of 125
BHN.
 It is used for making camshaft,sheets,and fan blads
C 0.20 to 0.30%
It has tensile strength of 555 and hardness of 140
BHN.
 It contain carbon from 0.30 to 0.70%
 If c is 0.35 to 0.45%
 It has tensile strength of 750.
 It is used for making connecting rod, wire
and rods, brake levers
 C from 0.45 to 0.55%
 It has tensile strength of 1000
 It is used for making parts those are to be
subjected to shock and heavy reversals of
stress such as railway coach axles, crank pin
on heavy machine and crankshafts
 C 0.6 to 0.7%
 It has tensile strength of 1230 & hardness of
400-500 BHN.
 It is used for making dies, set screws, valve
spring, clutch discs, die bloks,plate, punches.

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