Computational Thinking, Algorithms & Programming Sunday, 29 December 2019

Logic Gates
Learning Objective: To be able to demonstrate an understanding of
logic gates and the notation/diagrams used.
Computer Science

Success Criteria:
1. I can complete a logic gate diagram.
2. I can write a logic statement.
3. I can create truth tables for AND, OR and NOT gates.
4. I can use correct logic notation.

(J276/02)
 What is binary?
Computational Thinking, Algorithms & Programming

• Binary is the representation of the ‘presence’ of electricity

• If present or ‘on’ we use a: 1
Computer Science

• If absent or ‘off’ we use a: 0

• We can use this idea to change 1 and 0 states through the use of
logic gates
• Logic Gates take inputs and covert them to an output

You can see why we need binary, logic and transistors in this video
here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GdqbLmdKgw4

(J276/02)
 Key Words
Computational Thinking, Algorithms & Programming

• Logic Gate • AND

• Transistor • OR
Computer Science

• Bit (Binary Digit) • NOT (Inverter)

• Logic Circuit •A⋀B
•A⋁B
•¬A

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 Logic Gates
Computational Thinking, Algorithms & Programming

• Used to change bits and perform calculations within a computer

• Created by using transistors
• There are 3 basic logic gates:
Computer Science

AND OR NOT

• Every logic circuit can be made up from these 3 logic gates

(J276/02)
 Truth Tables
Computational Thinking, Algorithms & Programming

• The output of Logic Gates can be shown through a Truth Table

• The Truth Table shows what an output will be, based on the inputs
•
Computer Science

You will need to know the basic truth tables

• You will need to be able to construct a truth table from a logic statement

(J276/02)
 Input An AND gate can have two or more
inputs.
AND The output will be positive (true)
Computational Thinking, Algorithms & Programming

GATE
Output when both inputs (the input one
Input AND the input two) are positive
(true).
Computer Science

PERSON SENSOR

AND BURGLAR ALARM

GATE
ON SWITCH
c
FOR ALARM

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 The AND Gate
Computational Thinking, Algorithms & Programming

• Only has an output of 1 if both A AND B are 1

• We write this as: A ⋀ B
Computer Science

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 Input An OR gate can have two or more
OR inputs.
GATE The output will be positive (True) if
Computational Thinking, Algorithms & Programming

Output at least one input is true.

Input

FRONT DOORBELL
Computer Science

SWITCH
OR
GATE DOORBELL
BACK DOORBELL
SWITCH

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 The OR Gate
Computational Thinking, Algorithms & Programming

• Has an output of 1 if either of A OR B are 1

• We write this as: A ⋁ B
Computer Science

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 A NOT gate (inverter) has only
one input.
NOT It reverses the logic state.
Computational Thinking, Algorithms & Programming

GATE
Input Output

HEAT DETECTOR NOT CENTRAL

Computer Science

(ABOVE 20 C) GATE HEATING

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 ON or OFF ?
BEDROOM
Computational Thinking, Algorithms & Programming

SENSOR
OR
GATE AND
FRONT ROOM GATE BURGLAR
SENSOR ALARM
Computer Science

ON SWITCH
FOR ALARM

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 The NOT Gate
Computational Thinking, Algorithms & Programming

• Has an 1 input only

• It INVERTS or swaps the input
Computer Science

• We write this as: ¬ A

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 Is the Final Output ON (True)
or OFF (false) ?
Computational Thinking, Algorithms & Programming

OR
GATE AND
GATE
Computer Science

FINAL
AND OUTPUT
NOT GATE ON ? OFF ?
GATE

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 Computational Thinking, Algorithms & Programming
1.
Activity 1: 4.
ON OFF
OFF
? ON
?
ON
5.
2.
ON
Computer Science

OFF
ON ?
ON ?
OFF 6.

ON
3.
OFF ?
ON
OFF ? The output is
ON or OFF ?
OFF

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 7. Activity 1: 10.
OFF ON
?
Computational Thinking, Algorithms & Programming

ON
OFF OFF

8. ON
ON
ON
ON ? OFF ?
Computer Science

OFF ON

9. OFF

ON
ON OFF
ON
ON ?
ON
ON ON
The output is
ON or OFF ?

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 Computer Science

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Computational Thinking, Algorithms & Programming

• Complete the Table

Activity 3: Truth Tables
 Activity 3 – Answers
Computational Thinking, Algorithms & Programming

• Complete the Table

Computer Science

• Well done spotting it was an OR gate!

(J276/02)
 Activity 4: Truth Tables
Computational Thinking, Algorithms & Programming

• Create the Truth Table for the following:

Computer Science

A⋀(BVC)

• Have a go yourself and then check your steps with the PowerPoint

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 Computer Science

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Computational Thinking, Algorithms & Programming
Activity 4
• Here is the diagram
A⋀(BVC)
 Activity 4 – Answer
Computational Thinking, Algorithms & Programming

A⋀(BVC)
• Here is the empty truth table
Computer Science

A B C BVC A⋀(BVC)

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 Activity 4 – Answer
Computational Thinking, Algorithms & Programming

A⋀(BVC)
• Here is the empty truth table
Computer Science

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