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Application of Maxima and Minima

This document provides examples and steps for solving maximization and minimization problems using calculus. It includes 13 problems involving finding maximum or minimum values for quantities like area, volume, distance, cost of materials. The general steps are to identify variables and constants, express the quantity of interest as a function of relevant variables, differentiate and set the derivative equal to zero to find critical points, then determine which critical point gives the maximum or minimum value.

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246 views18 pages

Application of Maxima and Minima

This document provides examples and steps for solving maximization and minimization problems using calculus. It includes 13 problems involving finding maximum or minimum values for quantities like area, volume, distance, cost of materials. The general steps are to identify variables and constants, express the quantity of interest as a function of relevant variables, differentiate and set the derivative equal to zero to find critical points, then determine which critical point gives the maximum or minimum value.

Uploaded by

anon_218576188
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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APPLICATION OF

MAXIMA AND MINIMA


CEE 101 – DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS
• As an example, the area of a rectangular lot, expressed in terms
of its length and width, may also be expressed in terms of the
cost of fencing. Thus the area can be expressed as A = f(x). The
common task here is to find the value of x that will give a
maximum value of A. To find this value, we set dA/dx = 0.
STEPS IN SOLVING MAXIMA AND MINIMA
PROBLEMS
• Identify the constant, say cost of fencing.
• Identify the variable to be maximized or minimized, say area A.
• Express this variable in terms of the other relevant variable(s), say A = f(x, y).
• If the function shall consist of more than one variable, express it in terms of one
variable (if possible and practical) using the conditions in the problem, say A =
f(x).
• Differentiate and equate to zero, dA/dx = 0.
NUMBER PROBLEMS

Problem 1
What number exceeds its
square by the maximum
amount?
NUMBER PROBLEMS

Problem 2
What positive number added to
its reciprocal gives the minimum
sum?
NUMBER PROBLEMS

Problem 3
The sum of two numbers is k.
Find the minimum value of the
sum of their squares.
NUMBER PROBLEMS

Problem 4
Find two numbers whose sum is a,
if the product of one by the cube of
the other is to be a maximum.
RECTANGULAR LOT PROBLEMS

Problem 5
What should be the shape of a rectangular
field of a given area, if it is to be enclosed by
the least amount of fencing?
RECTANGULAR LOT PROBLEMS

Problem 6
A rectangular field of fixed area is to be enclosed
and divided into three lots by parallels to one of
the sides. What should be the relative dimensions
of the field to make the amount of fencing minimum?
RECTANGULAR LOT PROBLEMS

Problem 7
A rectangular lot is bounded at the back by a river.
No fence is needed along the river and there is to be
24-ft opening in front. If the fence along the front costs
$1.50 per foot, along the sides $1 per foot, find the
dimensions of the largest lot which can be thus fenced
in for $300.
BOX OPEN AT THE TOP

Problem 8
A box is to be made of a piece of cardboard 9 inches
square by cutting equal squares out of the corners and
turning up the sides. Find the volume of the largest box
that can be made in this way.
BOX OPEN AT THE TOP

Problem 9
Find the volume of the largest box that can be
made by cutting equal squares out of the corners
of a piece of cardboard of dimensions 15 inches by
24 inches, and then turning up the sides.
ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS

Problem 10
A page is to contain 24 sq. in. of print. The
margins at top and bottom are 1.5 in., at the
sides 1 in. Find the most economical dimensions
of the page.
ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS

Problem 11
Find the shortest distance from the point
(5, 0) to the curve 2y2 = x3.
ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS

Problem 12
A box having a square base and an open top is to contain 108 cubic
feet. What should its dimensions be so that the material to make it will be a
minimum? That is, what dimensions will cost the least?
ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS

Problem 13
A can is to be constructed in the form of a right circular cylinder. If it is to
contain a given volume 128π cubic inches, what dimensions will require the
least amount of material?
ANSWER: r = 4 inches; h = 8 inches

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