A

PRESENTATION
ON
SUMMER TRAINING
AT
MANGAL ELECTRICAL
INDUSTRIES PVT. LTD. JAIPUR
Submitted To:- Submitted By:-
Mr.Rajkumar Kaushik Ajay Kumar Kumawat
Seminar Incharge Btech 4th yr. (EE)
16EAIEE401
 Transformer
 A Transformer is a static device that transfer electrical
energy from one circuit to another through
inductively coupled electrical conductors.

 An AC device use to change high voltage low current

ac into low voltage high current ac and vice-versa
without changing the frequency.
 Transfer electric power from one circuit to another .
 It does so without change of frequency.
 Where two electric circuits are in mutual inductive
influence of each other.
 Construction
A transformer consist of rectangular core of soft iron in the
form of sheets insulated from one an other. Two separate
coil of insulated wire, a primary coil and a secondary coil are
wound on the core. These coil are well insulated from one
another. The coil on the input side is called primary coil and
the output side is called the secondary coil.
Piece Function

Core Provide a path for magnetic line

of flux.

Primary Winding Receives the energy from the ac

source and magnetic field.

Secondary Winding Receives energy from primary

winding and delivers it to the
load.
Enclosure Protect the above components
from Dirt, moisture and
mechanical damage.
 Working Principle
 Transformer basically works on the principle of farades'
law of mutual induction of two coils. A changing current in
first coil (the primary coil) creates a changing magnetic
field.

 This changing magnetic field induce a changing voltage in

the secondary circuit (the secondary). This effect is called
mutual induction.

 When current in the primary coil changes being

alternating in nature, a change in magnetic field is
produced.
If the load is connected to the secondary circuit, electric
charge will flow in the secondary winding of the
transformer and transfer energy from primary circuit to load
connected in the secondary circuit.
Let the primary voltage is Vp
and induced voltage is Vs
according to faradays law, for primary coil
Vp=Np (rate of change of flux/rate of change of time)
similarly for secondary coil
Vs=Ns (rate of change of flux/rate of change of time)
so, by the equation
Vp/Vs=Np/Ns
Ns=Number of turns of primary coil
Np=Number of turns of secondary coil.
This equation shows that the magnitude of EMF depends
upon the number of turns in the coil.
 Types
There are generally two types of transformer :-
1. Step-Up transformer
2. Step-Down transformer

Some important types are given as :-

 Auto-transformer
 Poly phase transformer
 Leakage transformer
 Resonant transformer
 Instrument transformer
 Ideal transformer
 1. Step Up transformer
A step up transformer is a device that converts low
alternatic voltage to high alternatic voltage.
In other word a transformer in which Ns > Np that is called
step up transformer.
 2. Step Down transformer
A step down transformer is a device that converts high
alternaitic voltage to low alternatic voltage.
In other word a Transformer in which Np >Ns that is called
step down transformer.
 3. Auto-Transformer

An auto transformer with a sliding brush contact.

An auto transformer has a single winding with two end
terminals, Pulse a third at an intermediate tap point.
 4. Poly phase transformer
For three phase supply a bank of three individual single
phase transformers can be used, or all three phases can be
made as a single three phase transformer.
 5. Instrument transformers
A current transformers, designed to be looped around
conductor. A current transformer is a measurement device
provide a current in its secondary coil proportional to the
current flow in its primary.

6. Resonant transformer
A resonant transformer is a kind of the leakage transformer
it uses the leakage inductance of its secondary windings in
combination with external capacitor, to creates one or more
resonant circuits.
 Other types of transformers

 Power transformer
 Distribution transformer
 Dry type transformer
 Furnace transformer
 OLTC transformer
 Servo Stabilizer
 Ideal Transformer
 Zero leakage flux:
- Fluxes produced by the primary and secondary currents are
confined within the core.
 The winding have no resistance :
- Induced voltages equal applied voltages.
 The core has infinite permeability
- Reluctance of the core is zero
- Negligible current is required to establish magnetic
flux.
 Loss-less magnetic core
- No hysteresis or eddy currents.
Ideal Transformer
 Transformer Tests
This performance of a transformer can be calculated on the basis of
equivalent circuit.
 The four main parameters of equivalent circuit are:
- Ro1 as referred to primary (or secondary Ro2)
- the equivalent leakage reactance Xo1 as referred to primary (or
secondary X02)
- Magnetizing susceptance B02 (or reactance Xo)
- Core loss conductance G0 (or resistance R0)
 The above constants can be easily determined by two tests
- open circuit test (O.C. test/ No load test)
- Short circuit test (S.C. test/Impedance test)
 These tests are economical and convenient
- these tests furnish the result without actually loading the
transformer.
 Open circuit test
In open circuit test the transformers secondary winding is
open circuited and its primary winding is connected to a full
rated line voltage.

Usually conductor on HV side to find

1. No load loss or core loss.

2. No load current I0 which is helpful in finding G0(or R0)
and B0(or X0).
Open circuit test on transformer
 Short circuit Test
In short circuit test the secondary terminals are short
circuited, and the primary terminal are connected to a fairly
low voltage source the input voltage is adjustive until the
current in the short circuited winding is equal to its rated
value. The input voltage,current and power is measured.

Usually conducted on LV side to find

1. Full load copper loss – To predetermine the efficiency
2. Z01 or Z02 ;X01 or X02;R01 or R02- To determine the
voltage regulation.
Short circuit test on transformer
 Transformer Oil
Transformer Oil (also known as insulating oil) is a special
type of oil which has excellent electrical insulating
properties and is stable at high temperature. Transformer oil
is used in oil field electrical power transformer to insulate,
Stop arcing and corona discharge, and to dissipate the heat
of the transformer act as coolant.
Transformer oil is also used to preserve the transformer core
and winding these are fully immersed inside the oil. An other
important property of insulating oil is its ability to prevent
oxidation of the cellulose made paper insulation.
Transformer oil tank
THANK YOU