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Literary Criticism

Thank you for the lesson on dramatic elements. I learned about the differences between a monologue and a soliloquy - a monologue is a long speech by one character to other characters on stage, while a soliloquy is a speech by a character alone on stage speaking their thoughts out loud.

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142 views49 pages

Literary Criticism

Thank you for the lesson on dramatic elements. I learned about the differences between a monologue and a soliloquy - a monologue is a long speech by one character to other characters on stage, while a soliloquy is a speech by a character alone on stage speaking their thoughts out loud.

Uploaded by

Mark Jayson Baclig
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LITERARY

CRITICISM
GROUP 1: HILLS LIKE WHITE
ELEPHANTS
Write and answer the following questions on
your paper.
1. When and where was the writer born?
2. Where is the setting in the story?
3. Who were the characters in the story?
Describe each.
4. What were the american practices that
were seen in the story?
5. What were the literary symbols that were seen in
the story? Explain briefly their significance.
6. Could there be a connection between the
background of the author with the story he wrote?
Explain. (In most literary pieces, there is so read
thoroughly your assignment).
7. What was the “operation” the guy was referring to?
Did the female undergo such “operation”? Defend your
answer.
8. What could be the theme of the story? Explain.
9.Why is the story titled “Hills like White
Elephants”? Explain.
10. Pick one award that the writer received
and write down when,where and how did he
win it.
GROUP 2:MARRIAGE IS A PRIVATE
AFFAIR
Write and answer the following questions on
your paper.
1. When and where was the writer born?
2. Where is the setting in the story?
3. Who were the characters in the story?
Describe each.
4. What were the african practices that were
seen in the story?
5. What were the literary symbols that were seen
in the story? Explain briefly their significance.
6. Could there be a connection between the
background of the author with the story he wrote?
Explain. (In most literary pieces, there is so read
thoroughly your assignment).
7. Compare and contrast the culture of Nena with
the culture of Nnaemeka in the story.
8. What could be the theme of the story? Explain.
9.Did the son follow his father's request?
Why? Why not?
10. Why is the story titled “Marriage is a
Private Affair”? Do you agree that marriage
is really a private affair and nobody should
decide except the couple themselves?
Defend your answer.
What are the
differences and
similarites between a
story and a play?
Similarities of stories and plays
• Stories have • Plays have
• Characters • Characters
carrying out a carrying out a
series of actions series of action
• driven by a conflict • driven by a conflict
of some kind of some kind
• Plot • Plot
Concept: Just like a regular
story needs the elements of
plot…
• So does a play
• A play is a story acted out, live
and onstage.
Concept: A play
• Presents characters performed
by real people, in a physical
setting, interacting before our
eyes.
They differ in format
• Stories
• A prose narrative
• Narrator describes characters,
actions, settings
• The characters’ words are
marked by “quotation marks”
• Plays
• Consist entirely of characters’
words and actions.
• The playwright may describe the
characters and settings in the
script, but the audience never
hears these stage directions.
• The audience sees and hears only
the actors’ interpretations of them.
History of Drama
Ancient religious ceremonies had been
viewed as the cradle of the earliest
forms of drama.

In ancient Greece, Greek drama


originated from rituals to venerate
Dionysus, the God of wine and fertility.
In such ceremony,
dancing of the
chorus was
introduced and
later on, the
dialogue was
added. An actor
was also
introduced among
singers and
dancers.
“Prometheus bounded by Vulcan”
Oedipus plunged Oedipus solving
pins in his own the riddle of the
eyes. Sphinx.
Aeschylus and Sopochles added the second
and third character respectively.

English drama also started from religious


rites and activities and activities which
mainly involved mystery plays taken from the
bible, miracle plays about the lives of saints,
tragedy and dramatic history among others.
• Tragedy
• Comedy
• Tragicomedy
• Closet Drama
• Farce
• Melodrama
• Morality/Mystery Play
• Miracle Plays
Tragedy
• Mainly depicts a very serious
dramatic atmosphere;
• The lead character encounters
misfortunes because of fate,
moral weakness, or social
opposition that may lead to a
disastrous or catasthropic end.
Comedy
• A literary composition intended to
amuse the viewing crowd.
• It mainly presents human actions
and behaviors lightly.
• The character encounters
difficulties but later on, find
happiness.
Tragicomedy
• It combines the conventions of
tragic and comic elements and
despite tragic circumstances;
the story ends happily.
• A serious play exhibiting some
qualities of comedy.
Closet Drama
• A written work or play which is
intended to be read, not
performed on stage.
• It sometimes refers to works
which are unsuccessful in theatre
and are perceived to be more
enjoyable to read.
Farce
• A comic drama in form and is
primarily amusing and
entertaining. Characters and
scenes are mainly
exaggerated.
Melodrama
• It is usually accompanied
with music and with a song
set at different pace.It is now
seen as a romantic play
without serious, comic or
tragic significance.
Miracle Plays
• Usually
stories taken
from the Bible
or the lives of
saints.
1. Setting

It pertains to the time


and place of the action.It also
covers the scenery and
physical elements that
transpire on stage.
2. Characters
They are mainly those who are
involved in the actions and situations
in a play.

They are revealed by the words,


behaviors, movements, gestures and
ways on how they present theirselves.
3.Plot

It refers to the action of


drama.It also involves the
sequence of related events and
scenes.
4.Dialogue

The conversation and


exchanges between or among
characters as it helps to tell the
whole story.
5.Movement

It mainly involves the pacing


and transition of acts.
6. Music

This serves as a
background used during
performances. This is
somewhat used ocassionally to
establish a dramatic effect.
7. Theme

This tells what the play


is all about or the message the
attempts to reveal.A play may
convey a number of themes.
Technical Elements
Scenery (set): the theatrical equipment, such as
curtains, flats, backdrops, or platforms, used in a
dramatic production to communicate environment

Costumes: clothing and accessories worn by actors to


portray character and period.

Props: short for properties; any article, except costume


or scenery, used as part of a dramatic production;
any moveable object that appears on stage during a
performance, from a telephone to a train.
Technical Elements
Lights: the placement, intensity, and color of lights to
Help communicate environment, mood, or feeling

Sound: the effects an audience hears during


performance to communicate character,
context, or environment

Makeup: costumes, wigs, and body


paint used to transform an actor
into a character.
Dramatic Irony
• Occurs when the audience or reader
knows something important that a
character does not know.
• Ex: In Romeo and Juliet, the audience
knows that Juliet is drugged and asleep,
but her father thinks she is dead. The
result is heartbreaking dramatic irony.

Learning Objective: We will identify and describe the function of


various dramatic elements
Comedy
• A comedy is a simple play that ends
happily.
• Like tragedy, a comedy is rooted in
conflict, but the conflict in a comedy is
often romantic.
• Ex. Someone wants to marry someone
else but faces an obstacle – for example
an opposing parent, or a rival suitor.
Comedy Con’t
• In comedy the obstacle is always
overcome but not before complications
which are often ridiculous.

Learning Objective: We will identify and describe the


function of various dramatic elements
Dramatic Conventions
• Drama has its own conventions, or
traditions, including the script and stage
directions.
• The script is the text of the play. It
includes all of the words that actors will
speak and some instructions for the
actors, designers and director.

Learning Objective: We will identify and describe the function of various


dramatic elements
Speaking the Part
• Dialogue: The conversation between
characters in a play .
• Monologue: a long speech made by one actor
to one or more other characters onstage.
• Soliloquy: a speech by a single actor who is
ALONE on stage speaking to himself or herself
or to the audience.
• Playwrights often use monologues and
soliloquies to develop ideas or express complex
emotions.

P/S Describe the difference between a monologue and a soliloquy.


speaks to the audience or to
another character but the
dialogue is not supposed to be
heard by the other characters
on stage.

Learning Objective: We will identify and describe the function of


various dramatic elements
Stage Directions
• Scripts also include stage directions,
which describe where objects are placed,
as well as directions on how the actors
should move and speak.

Learning Objective: We will identify and describe the function of


various dramatic elements
Closure:
• What is one thing you learned today?
• Write it!
• Pair share it!
• Tell me about it!

Learning Objective: We will identify and describe the function of various


dramatic elements

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