Scribd
Upload
193 views19 pages

Hazards of Chemicals

The document discusses hazards of chemicals and hazardous materials. It defines terms like flammable limits, flash point, autoignition temperature, threshold limit value, toxicity, and provides examples of flammable gases, liquids, solids, explosives, compressed gases, corrosives, oxidizers, radioactive materials. It emphasizes the importance of proper labeling and storage of hazardous materials according to international standards to prevent accidents and ensure safety.

Uploaded by

malik jahan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
193 views19 pages

Hazards of Chemicals

The document discusses hazards of chemicals and hazardous materials. It defines terms like flammable limits, flash point, autoignition temperature, threshold limit value, toxicity, and provides examples of flammable gases, liquids, solids, explosives, compressed gases, corrosives, oxidizers, radioactive materials. It emphasizes the importance of proper labeling and storage of hazardous materials according to international standards to prevent accidents and ensure safety.

Uploaded by

malik jahan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

KNPC

HAZARDS OF CHEMICALS
Hazardous Material
 “Hazardous Material” means a substance
or material, which is capable of posing an
unreasonable risk to health, environment
and property.

 Explosives, Oxidizers, Corrosives,


Compressed gases and Flammable liquids
etc. are considered as Hazardous
Materials.
DEFINITIONS
FLAMMABLE (EXPLOSIVE) LIMITS
Lower Explosive / Flammable Limit (LEL /
LFL)
Minimum concentration of vapor or gas in air
which will burn when a source of ignition (spark)
is introduced.
Upper Explosive / Flammable Limit (UEL /
UFL)
Maximum vapor/gas to air concentration above
which flame propagation will not occur, i.e. the
mixture is “too rich” to burn.
FLASH POINT & AUTOIGNITION
TEMPERATURE
Flash Point (FP)
 Minimum temperature at which a flammable
mixture of gas or vapor in air will momentarily
flash when a source of ignition (spark) is
introduced
Auto Ignition Temperature (AIT or IT)
 Minimum temperature required to initiate self-
sustained combustion of a solid, liquid or gas in
the absence of a source of ignition
  THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE (TLV)
   TLV-TWA
 Time Weighted Average concentration of the
contaminant in air over the normal work shift of 8 hours,
to which workers can be exposed without respiratory
protection in a 40-hour workweek
  
TLV-STEL
 Short Term Exposure Limit when exposed only for a
short period of 15 minutes. This maximum
concentration can be allowed to breathe 4 times during
8 hours with minimum 1-hour interval between
exposures.
 
IDLH
 Minimum concentration of contaminant in air which is
Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health.
TOXICITY
  TC (Toxic Concentration)
 Minimum toxic concentration in air which
cause toxic effect
 
LC (Lethal Concentration)
 Toxic concentration in air which cause
death of test animals
FLAMMABLE GASES

 The flammable gases have flash point


below room temperature and will form
explosive mixture with air or oxygen
within the lower & upper explosive limits
(e.g. hydrogen, light hydrocarbons like
propane & acetylene).
  FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE
LIQUIDS
FLAMMABLE LIQUID
 A liquid having a closed-cup flash point
below 100 0F (37.80C) and having a
Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP) not exceeding
40 psia (2068.6 mm Hg) at 100oF
(37.80C). (eg. Naphtha, Gasoline)
FLAMMABLE SOLIDS
A Flammable solid is  any solid material other
than an explosive which is liable to cause fire
through friction or retained heat from
manufacturing or processing or that can be
ignited readily and when ignited, burns so
vigorously and persistently as to create a
serious hazard. (e.g. Sulfur, Coke, Pyrophoric)

COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID
A liquid having a closed-cup flash point at or
above 100F (37.8 Deg C) (eg. Diesel, Fuel oil)
EXPLOSIVES
An explosive is any chemical compound,
mixture, or device whose primary purpose is to
function by explosion with substantial releases
of heat and gas (eg. Dynamite).

COMPRESSED GASES
A compressed gas is any material having an
absolute pressure in the container exceeding
40psi(2.72 Kg/cm2) at 70 deg F(21.1 Deg C), or
having an absolute pressure exceeding
104psi(7.07Kg./cm2) at 130 deg F(54 deg C).
 CORROSIVE MATERIAL
Corrosive materials are liquids, gases or solids that
can destroy human skin tissue, severely corrodes steel
or other materials. (e.g. HCl, H2So4, Caustic)
 TOXIC SUBSTANCES
– Poison - A is a gas or vapour of a liquid of such a
nature that a very small amount mixed in air is
dangerous to life. (e.g. hydrogen cyanide,
phosgene, nitrogen tetroxide).
–  Poison - B is any substance (liquid, solid, paste or
semi solid) known to be so toxic that a severe
health hazard exists. (E.g. TEL/TML, parathion.
Aniline).
  Irritating Material is a liquid or solid, which upon
contact with fire or exposure to air, gives off
dangerous or intensely irritating fumes.
OXIDIZERS
Oxidizers are materials that contain large amounts
of chemically bound oxygen that is easily released,
especially when heated, and that will stimulate the
burning of combustible material (e.g. Nitrate,
Chlorate, Permanganate, and Peroxide).

 RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS
 Any material, or combinations of materials, that
spontaneously emit ionizing radiation, and have
a specific activity greater than 0.002 microcuries
per gram. (e.g. Iridium192, Cobalt60, Radium,
Cesium, Uranium)
   LABELING AND MARKING OF
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
 The containers or systems that hold
hazardous materials shall display name of
the material and the hazards of its
contents by labeling and marking. This
includes fixed storage, portable tanks,
modules, drums, cans and tankers.
 Labeling and marking shall be according to
international standards such as UN, ISO,
OSHA, DOT etc.
GENERAL PRECAUTIONS
 Safety Shower/eyewash shall be available near
the chemical handling area. It shall be painted in
green & white and provided with green & white
identification symbol visible from distance.
 Plant chemical shelters should be away from
hazardous area. Overstocking of chemicals shall
be avoided in unit chemical shelters.
 Hazardous materials shall be stored only in
approved areas, which are equipped with proper
fire protection and safety features as per MSDS
requirements.
 Separate storage areas shall be provided for
“incompatible chemicals” as these chemicals
may react together and create a hazardous
condition because of this reaction
GENERAL SAFETY MEASURES
Ignition Sources
 Smoking and carrying of matches, lighters and
other spark or flame producing devices shall not be
permitted in a building or area where flammable
liquids are stored, handled, or used. The extent of
the restricted area will depend on the type of
products handled, the design of the building, and
local conditions. Suitable ‘NO SMOKING’ and other
signs shall be posted in buildings, and areas where
smoking is prohibited.

Static Electricity
 Static electricity is generated by the contact and
separation of dis-similar materials. For example,
static electricity is generated when a fluid flows
through a pipe or from an orifice into a tank.
 Electrical Equipment
• Electricity is a common source of ignition where
flammable vapors exist. Hence, the proper type of
electrical equipment for these atmospheres (e.g.
Explosion proof, Intrinsically safe) shall be installed
and they shall be properly maintained

 Health And Flammability Hazards


Most of flammable vapors are heavier than air and
it can flow into pits, tank openings, confined areas,
and low places in which they contaminate the
normal air and, thus cause a toxic as well as
explosive atmosphere. Oxygen deficiency may
occur in closed containers, such as a tank, which
has been closed for a long time and in which
rusting has consumed the oxygen.
HAZMAT LABELS

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy