Scribd
Upload
230 views35 pages

Final Powerpoint2

Here are the solutions to the sample problems: 1. a) 50% b) 34.13% c) 16.00% 2. a) 20 students b) 42 students c) 56 students 3. A) 230 B) 185 and 215 4. A) Between 79 to 89 B) 15.87%

Uploaded by

Kyohyun
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
230 views35 pages

Final Powerpoint2

Here are the solutions to the sample problems: 1. a) 50% b) 34.13% c) 16.00% 2. a) 20 students b) 42 students c) 56 students 3. A) 230 B) 185 and 215 4. A) Between 79 to 89 B) 15.87%

Uploaded by

Kyohyun
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 35

NORMAL

DISTRIBUTION
BRIEF HISTORY
ABRAHAM DE MOIVRE

• Discovered the normal distribution in


1733. ( 18th century)
• French mathematician.

KARL FRIEDRICH GAUSS

• Developed formula for normal


distribution.
• GAUSSIAN DISTRIBUTION = NORMAL
DISTRIBUTION
NORMAL CURVE
• A bell-shaped curve which shows the probability distribution
of a continuous random variable.

• The normal curve represents a normal distribution.

• The total area under the normal curve logically represents


the sum of all probabilities for a random variable.

• The graph of the normal distribution depends on two factors


- the mean and the standard deviation.
You can see a normal distribution’s shape in this figure.
PROPERTIES OF A NORMAL CURVE
• The mean, median and mode coincide at one point at the
center of the distribution

• The curve is symmetrical and bell-shaped.

• The tail of the curve is asymptotic to the horizontal line.

• Three standard deviation to the left and right of the curve.

• The total area under a normal curve is 100%.


EMPIRICAL RULE
-states that for a normal distribution, nearly all of the
data will fall within three standard deviations of the
mean.
The rule can be broken down into three parts :
• 68% of data falls within the first standard
deviation from the mean.
• 95% fall within two standard deviation
from the mean.
• 99.7 fall within three standard deviations.
AREAS UNDER
THE NORMAL
CURVE
EXAMPLE 1. Find the area from z=0 to z = 1.25

SOLUTION:
The area between c= 0 and z= 1.25 is the
area between the mean (center of the curve) and
1.25. locate the area for z= 1.25 from the table.

Area of z = 1.25 is equal to 0.3944.

This means that the area from the mean to z =


1.25 is 0.3944 or 39.44% of the normal curve.
EXAMPLE 2. Find the area from z = 0 to z = -1.25

SOLUTION:
The area between c= 0 and z= -1.25 is the area between the
mean (center of the curve) and 1.25. locate the area for z= -1.25 from
the table.

Area of z = -1.25 is equal to 0.3944.

This means that the area from the mean to z = -1.25 is 0.3944 or
39.44% of the normal curve.

NOTE:
THERE IS NO NEGATIVE VALUE OF DATA.

NEGATIVE SIGN – means that the standard deviation is located at the


left side of the curve
EXAMPLE 3. Find the area from z = 1.25 to z = 2.0

SOLUTION:
To find the area from z = 1.25 to z = 0, subtract the area of 1.25 from the
area of 2.0.

Area of z = 2.0 is 0.4772


Area of z = 1.25 is 0.3944
Then get the difference of the two area.
0.4772 – 0.3944 = 0.0828

This means that the area from z = 1.25 to z = 2.0 is 0.0828 or 8.28% of the
normal curve.
EXAMPLE 4. Find the area bounded by z = 1.50 and z = -2.25

SOLUTION:

To find the area bounded by z = 1.50 and z = -2.25, add the area of
1.50 to the area of -2.25.

Area of z = 1.50 is 0.4332


Area of z = -2.25 is 0.4878.

Then add the two areas.

0.4332 + 0.4878 = 0.9210

This means that the area from z = 1.50 to z = -2.25 is 0.9210 or 92.10%
of the normal curve.
EXAMPLE 5. Find the area from and to the right of z = 2.0

SOLUTION:
To find the area from and to the right of z = 2.0

Area of z = 2.0 is 0.4772.

Then subtract it from 0.5.

0.5 - 0.4772 = 0.0228.

This implies that the area from and to the right of z =


0.0228 or 2.28% of the normal curve.
EXAMPLE 6. Find the area from and to the left of z = 2.0

SOLUTION:
To find the area from and to the left of z = 2.0

Area of z = 2.0 is 0.4772.

Then add it from 0.5.

0.5 + 0.4772 = 0.9772

This implies that the area from and to the left of z = 0.9772
or 97.72% of the normal curve.
STANDARD SCORE
(Z-SCORE)
STANDARD SCORE (Z – SCORE)
 • The distance of the score from the mean (x)̅ in terms of the
standard deviation (s).

• To change an observed value (x) into standard score, use the


equation:

• Note: A positive (+) z-score means that the score/observed


value is above the mean. A negative (-) z-score means that the
score/observed value is below the mean.
EXAMPLE 1. In a given distribution, the mean (x)̅ is 65 and the standard
deviation (s) is 6. Find the corresponding standard score of:
a. 68 c. 77
b. 59 d. 47
 SOLUTION:

a. The standard score of 68 is

This means that 68 is 0.5 standard deviation above the mean.

b. The standard score of 59 is

This means that 59 is -1.0 standard deviation below the mean.


 SOLUTION:

c. The standard score of 77 is

This means that 68 is 2.0 standard deviation above the mean.

d. The standard score of is 47.

This means that 59 is -3.0 standard deviation below the mean.


•   a. c.
b. d. =
EXAMPLE 2. In the final examination in Mathematics, the mean grade was 82 and
the standard deviation was 8. In English, the mean grade was 86 and the standard
deviation was 10. Joseph scored 88 in Mathematics and 92 in English. In which
subject was his standing higher?
 SOLUTION:

The first thing that has to be done is to change the scores into standard scores.

For English: For Mathematics:

= =

His standing in Mathematics, therefore, was higher than his standing in English. He
was only 0.6 standard deviation above the mean in English while he was 0.75 standard
deviation above the mean in Mathematics.
Using the areas under the normal curve, the percentile ranking of a
ular score can be found.

Area of z = 0.6 is 0.2257

Then subtract the area from the 0.500.

0.500 - 0.2257 = 0.2743

This means that he belongs to the upper 27.43rd percentile ranking


Using the areas under the normal curve, the percentile ranking of a
core can be found.

Area of z = 0.75 is 0.2734

Then subtract the area from the 0.500.

0.500 - 0.2734 = 0.2266

This means that he belongs to the upper 22.66th percentile ranking.


APPLICATIONS OF
THE NORMAL
CURVE
APPLICATIONS OF THE NORMAL CURVE
• Frequencies of ores in a distribution can be found using the
normal curve.
• Several problems on a different fields can be solved by
applying the normal curve.

• Formula for finding the z-score (standard score):


SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
•1.  If scores are normally distributed with a mean of 30 and a standard
deviation of 5, what percent of the scores is:
a. Equal or greater than 30?
b. Equal or greater than 37?
c. From 28 to 34?
SOLUTION:

a. = Since the mean is 30, the corresponding standard score of


the mean is 0.
b. = Hence, the corresponding z – score of 37 is 1.40.
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:

• 
SOLUTION:

c. = Hence, the corresponding z – score of 28 is 0.40.

or = Hence, the corresponding z – score of 34 is 0.80.


2. Two hundred eighty (280) incoming freshmen at a certain College were given IQ tests.
Assume that their IQs are normally distributed with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15, find
how many freshmen have an IQ of:
a. 80 and lower
b. 105 and higher
c. Between 90 to 105

 SOLUTION:

a. = Therefore 80 is 1.33 standard deviation below the mean.

b. = Therefore 105 is 0.33 standard deviation above the mean.

c. = Therefore 90 is -0.67 standard deviation above the mean.


3. A normally distributed data has a mean of 200 and a standard deviation of 20.
A. What is the lowest value that belongs to the upper 10% the distribution?
B. What are the two extreme scores outside of which only 5% of the distribution are expected to
fall?
NOTE : Use the conversion of the z-score to a raw score: x=(z)(s)+x̅
4. The average grade of 2nd year student majoring in Business Management is normally distributed
with a mean of 84 and a standard deviation of 5.
A. In what range does the middle 90% of all 2nd year students majoring in Business Management
lie?
B. Students given warnings when their average grade falls to and below 80. if so, what proportion
of the 2nd year business management majors in given warnings?

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy