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Probabilities and Percentiles

The document provides examples of calculating probabilities and areas under the normal curve. It demonstrates how to find the area between two z-scores, the area to the right of a z-score, converting a score to a z-score to find its percentile rank, and calculating probabilities using the normal distribution for applications like test scores and weights. It includes practice problems asking students to determine areas under the normal curve and identify correct answers related to finding probabilities based on the normal distribution.

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Marinella Mauro
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168 views20 pages

Probabilities and Percentiles

The document provides examples of calculating probabilities and areas under the normal curve. It demonstrates how to find the area between two z-scores, the area to the right of a z-score, converting a score to a z-score to find its percentile rank, and calculating probabilities using the normal distribution for applications like test scores and weights. It includes practice problems asking students to determine areas under the normal curve and identify correct answers related to finding probabilities based on the normal distribution.

Uploaded by

Marinella Mauro
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXAMPLE 1: What is the area between z = 0 and z =1.54?

Step 1: Sketch the normal curve


Step 2: Locate the area for z = 1.54 from the areas under the Normal Curve table

Hence, P(0< z <1.54) = 0.4382.


EXAMPLE 2: Find the area between z = 1.52 and z = 2.5.

Step 1: Sketch the normal curve


Step 2: From the table, find P(0<z<1.52), area between z = 0 and z = 1.52, and P(0<z<2.5), area between
z = 0 and z = 2. 5.

P(0< z <1.52) = 0.4357


P(0 < z < 2.5) = 0.4938
P(1.52 < z < 2.5) = P(0 < z < 2.5) - P(0< z <1.52)
= 0.4938 - 0.4357
= 0.0581

Therefore, the area between z = 1.52 and z = 2.5 is 0.0581 or


P(1.52 < z < 2.5) = 0.0581.
EXAMPLE 3: Find the area to the right of z = 1.56.

Step 1: Sketch the normal curve


Step 2: From the table, find P(0<z<1.56), area between z = 0 and z = 1.56.

P(0< z <1.56) = 0.4406


P(z > 1.56) = 0.5 - P(0< z <1.56) since the area of half the curve is 0.5
= 0.5 - 0.4406
= 0.0594

Hence, the area to the right of z = 1.56 is 0.0594 or


P(z > 1.56) = 0.0594.
EXAMPLE 4: Find the area between z = 0 and z = - 1.65.

Step 1: Sketch the normal curve


Step 2: Locate the area for z = - 1.65 from the areas under the Normal Curve table.

• Proceed down the column 1.6.


• Disregard the negative sign (-).
• Then, proceed to the right along this row until you reach the column
marked 5.
• The intersection of the row that contains 1.6 and the column marked
5 is the area.

Hence, P(0< z < - 1.65) = 0.4505.


EXAMPLE 5:
The results of a nationwide aptitude test in mathematics are normally
distributed with m = 80 and s = 15. What is the percentile rank of a score of
84?

Analysis:

Since we are interested in the percentile rank of 84, this means finding the
percentage of scores below 84. To find the required area from the normal
table, we transform 84 to z – score and then perform the appropriate
mathematical operation.
EXAMPLE 6:
The weights of adults in Barangay Y approaches normal distribution with a mean
of 52.9 kg and standard deviation of 7.2 kg. If an adult was chosen at random
from Barangay Y, what is the probability that his weight is above 48.5 kg.
= = -0.61
 
Given: 𝜇=52.9
P(z> -0.61) = 0.2291+0.5
𝜎 =7.2
P(z> -0.61) = 0.7291
𝑥=48.5
Thus, the probability that the randomly selected adults
weight above 48.5 kg is 0.7291 or 72.91%.
I. True or False. Write T
if the statement is true.
Otherwise, write F.
PRACTICE _______1. Probability valu
EXERCISE _______2. The normal curv
e is always from 0 to 1.
1 e is a probability
distribution.
_______3. It is possible to
get a probability of
0.000001 under the normal
curve.
_______ 4. Finding the are
a of a region under the
curve is the same as finding
the
probability associated with
that region.
_______ 5. P(a<z<b) deno
tes the probability that the
z – score is between a and b
.
II. Determine each of the following areas. Use probability notation in your final
answer.
Example: P(z >1.46) = 0.0721 1
In an English test, the m
ean is 60 and the
standard deviation is 6. Ass
uming the scores are
normally distributed, answ
PRACTICE er the following
questions.
EXERCISE ______a. What is the percen
2 tile rank of the
score 65?
______b. What is the percen
tile of the score less
than 70?
______c. What percent of th
e scores is greater
than 65?
______d. What percent of th
e scores is less than
70 ?
______e. What percent of th
e score is between
50 and 65?
ASSIGNMENT: Write the letter of the correct a
n swer on the space before
_________1. Which is eq the number.
ual to P(z> -0.31)?
A. 12.17% B. 12.55%
C. 37.83% D. 62.17%
_________2. Which is eq
ual to P(z> 0.31)?
A. 12.17% B. 12.55%
C. 37.83% D. 62.17%
_________3. Which is eq
ual to P(0<z<0.31)?
A. 12.17% B. 12.55%
C. 37.83% D. 62.17%
For numbers 4 - 5, refer to
the following problem.
In a Science test, the mea
n score is 40 and the stan
5. Assume that the score dard deviation is
is normally distributed.
_________4. What perce
nt of the score is greater
A. 94.52% B. 44.52% than 48?
C. 5.48% D. 0%
_________5. What perce
nt of the score is between
A. 94.52% B. 44.52% 4 0 an d 4 8 ?
C. 5.48% D. 0%
 
The only way to learn
statistics, is to do statistics.
THANK YOU!

-Teacher Marinella

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