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GE 104 - Fibonacci Sequence

The document discusses the Fibonacci sequence and how it relates to the golden ratio and golden rectangle. It provides background on Leonardo Fibonacci and how he observed the sequence in nature. Some examples of how the Fibonacci sequence appears in nature include the spiral patterns of seeds, pinecones, tree branches, shells, faces, the uterus, animal fights, production dynamics, and DNA molecules. Ratios of adjacent Fibonacci numbers approach the golden ratio, approximately 1.618.

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300 views24 pages

GE 104 - Fibonacci Sequence

The document discusses the Fibonacci sequence and how it relates to the golden ratio and golden rectangle. It provides background on Leonardo Fibonacci and how he observed the sequence in nature. Some examples of how the Fibonacci sequence appears in nature include the spiral patterns of seeds, pinecones, tree branches, shells, faces, the uterus, animal fights, production dynamics, and DNA molecules. Ratios of adjacent Fibonacci numbers approach the golden ratio, approximately 1.618.

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THE FIBONACCI

SEQUENCE

Prepared by:
Goldwin A. Reyes, LPT
Sequence
– is an ordered list of
numbers, called terms,
that may have repeated
values. The arrangement
of these terms is set by a
definite rule.
Example:

A. 31, 24, 17, 10,


B. 3/4, 5/8, ½ , 3/8
C. -16, -7, 2, 11,
D. 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8,
Fibonacci Sequence
-Named after the Italian
Mathematician Leonardo
of Pisa (1170-1250, who
was better known by his
nickname Fibonacci in
short for “filius Bonacci or
son of Bonacci. He is also
known as Leonardo
Bonacci, Leonardo of Pisa,
Leonardo Pisano Bigollo, or
Leonardo Fibonacci.
He observed numbers in nature. His
most popular contribution perhaps is the
number that is seen in the petals of
flowers.
Calla Lilly – 1 petal
Trillium – 3 petals
Hibiscus – 5 petals
Cosmos – 8 petals
Marigold – 13 petals
Asters – 21petals
Daisy – 34/55/89 petals

Note: Not all flowers follow this pattern.


Principle behind the Fibonacci
Sequence
- Let Xn be the nth integer in the Fibonacci
sequence, the next (n+1)th term Xn+1 is
determined by adding nth and the (n+1)th integers.
Consider the first few terms below: Let X1=1 be the
first term, X2=1 the second term, the third term X3
is found by X3=1+X2 = 2
Let X1 = 1
X2 = 1
X3 = 2 ( x1 + x2 = 1 + 1 = 2)
X4= 3 ( x2 + x3 = 1 + 2 = 3)
X5 = 5 ( x3 + x4 = 2 + 3 = 5)
X6 = 8 ( x4 + x5 = 3 + 5 = 8)
Can be written as the sequence {1,1,2,3,5,8,…..}
- This pattern is said to have
been discovered much earlier in
India. According to some
scholarly articles, Fibonacci
sequence is evident in the
number of variations of a
particular category of Sanskrit
and Prakrit poetry meters. In
poetry, meter refers to the
rhythmic pattern of syllables.
It is also interesting to note that the
ratios of successive Fibonacci numbers
approach the number (phi), also
known as the Golden Ratio. This is
approximately equal to 1.618.

1/1 =1 13/8 = 1.6250


2/1 =2 21/13 = 1.6154
3/2 = 1.500 34/21 = 1.6190
5/3 = 1.6667 55/34 = 1.6177
8/5 = 1.600 89/55 = 1.6182
GOLDEN
RATIO

Prepared by:
Goldwin A. Reyes, LPT
GOLDEN RATIO

- (also known as the Golden


Section, Golden Mean, Divine
Proportion or Greek letter Phi)
exists when a line is divided into
two parts and the longer part (a)
divided by the smaller part (b) is
equal to the sum of (a) + (b)
divided by (a), which both equal
GOLDEN
RECTANGLE

Prepared by:
Goldwin A. Reyes, LPT
GOLDEN RECTANGLE
-a rectangle can be drawn of such a
shape that if it is cut into square and
rectangle, the smaller rectangle will be
similar in shape to the larger
rectangle. This is a golden rectangle
whose sides are in the golden ratio
1+x:1, where x is a non-ending
decimal.
MORE EXAMPLES OF
THINGS IN NATURE AND
WORLD THST FOLLOWS
THE CONCEPT OF
FIBONACCI SEQUENCE
GOLDEN RATIO AND
GOLDEN RECTANGLE
 
1. In Pascal’s Triangle
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2. Seed heads
 
The head of a flower is also subject to Fibonaccian
processes. Typically, seeds are produced at the
center, and then migrate towards the outside to fill
all the space. Sunflowers provide a great example of
these spiraling patterns.
Note: if you are to divide the no.of spiral trends, it
will yield to golden ratio.
3. Pinecones
 The seed pods on a pinecone are arranged in a
spiral pattern. Each cone consists of a pair of
spirals, each one spiraling upwards in opposing
directions. The number of steps will almost always
match a pair of consecutive Fibonacci numbers.
 
4. Tree branches
 The Fibonacci sequence can also be seen in the way tree
branches form or split. A main trunk will grow until it
produces a branch, which creates two growth points. Then,
one of the new stems branches into two, while the other one
lies dormant. This pattern of branching is repeated for each
of the new stems. A good example is the sneezewort. Root
systems and even algae exhibit this pattern.
5. Shells
 The unique properties of the Golden Rectangle
provides another example. This shape, a rectangle
in which the ratio of the sides a/b is equal to the
golden mean (phi), can result in a nesting process
that can be repeated into infinity — and which takes
on the form of a spiral. It's call the logarithmic
spiral, and it abounds in nature.
 
6. Faces
Faces, both human and nonhuman, abound with
examples of the Golden Ratio. The mouth and nose
are each positioned at golden sections of the
distance between the eyes and the bottom of the
chin. Similar proportions can been seen from the
side, and even the eye and ear itself (which follows
along a spiral).

Golden ratio proportion in human face;


Center of the pupil: bottom of the teeth: bottom of
the chin
Outer and inner edge of the eye: center of nose
Outer edges of the lips: upper ridges of lips
Width of center tooth: width of second tooth
Width of the eye: width of iris
7. Uterus

According to glaciologist Jasper Vegut, when


a female comes to its fertile years (that is
16-21 years old), the measures of the width
and length of uterus when divided will result
to .
 
8. Animal Fights

9. Production
Dynamics

10.DNA Molecules

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