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Random Variables and Probability Distributions

1) The document discusses random variables and probability distributions. It defines a random variable as a function that associates a real number to each element in a sample space, where the values are determined by chance. 2) An example is provided of three cell phones being tested at random and defining the random variable X as the number of defective cell phones. 3) Another example defines the random variable Y as the number of tails when three coins are tossed, and asks the reader to complete a table listing the possible outcomes and values of Y.

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126 views23 pages

Random Variables and Probability Distributions

1) The document discusses random variables and probability distributions. It defines a random variable as a function that associates a real number to each element in a sample space, where the values are determined by chance. 2) An example is provided of three cell phones being tested at random and defining the random variable X as the number of defective cell phones. 3) Another example defines the random variable Y as the number of tails when three coins are tossed, and asks the reader to complete a table listing the possible outcomes and values of Y.

Uploaded by

Kathleen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 1

Random
Variables and
Probability
Distributions
Recall:
What is the conc
ept of probability
?
Probability of an event
 Is a numerical value that describes the likeli
hood that an event will happen or not
 In symbols,
P(E) = n(E)
n(S)
Event(E) - Refers to a subset of a
sample space
Sample Space(S) - outcome space
Probability of an event
E⊆S, then by definition of a subset n(E)
≤n(S)
1. The probability of an event is always a
value between and including 0 and 1.
2. The Complement Rule of Probability
P(E) + P(E’) = 1
Therefore P(E’) =1 - P(E)
Recall:
How do we use this in ma
king decisions concerning
a population using a samp
le?
Lesson One

Exploring Rando
m Variables
Lesson Objectives
At the end of the lesson
, you are expected to:
illustrate a random vari

able
Starting point:

 Experiment - is any activity, wh


ich can be done repeatedly unde
r similar conditions
 Sample space - the set of all po

ssible outcomes of an experime


nt
Entry Card
List the sample space of the following
experiments
Experiment Sample
Space
1. Tossing three coins
2. Rolling a die and tossing a coin
simultaneously
3. Getting a deffective item when
two items are randomly selected
from a box of two defective and
three non defective items
Ifthree coins are tossed,
what numbers can be assi
gned for the frequency of
heads that will occur?
If three cards are drawn fr
om a deck, what number c
an be assigned for the freq
uency of the face cards th
at will occur?
Variable
 isa characteristic or attribute
that can assume different val
ues
 capital letters are used to den

ote or represent a variable


Random Variables
variables that are assoc
iated with probabilities
Example 1

 Suppose three cell phones are


tested at random. find out the
number of defective cell pho
nes that occur.
Illustration.
 Let D - defective cell phone
N - non-defective cell phone
Possible Outcomes Value of the random variable
X(# of defective cell phone)
Possible Outcomes Value of the random
variable X
(# of defective cell phone)
NNN 0
DNN 1
NDN 1
NND 1
DDN 2
DND 2
NDD 2
DDD 3

Possible values of the random variable X


are 0, 1, 2,and 3
Whatis a rando
m variable?
Random Variable
 is a function that associates a
real number to each element i
n the sample space.
 is a variable whose values ar

e determined by chance
Example 2
 Suppose three coins are tossed. Let Y be the
random variable representing the number of
tails that occur. Find the values of the rando
m variable Y. Complete the table below.
Illustration.

Possible Outcomes Value of the random


variable Y
(number of tails)
Seatwork # 1:

 Two balls are drawn in succession


without replacement from an urn c
ontaining 5 red balls and 6 blue bal
ls. Let Z be the random variable re
presenting the number of blue balls
. Find the values of the random vari
able Z.
How do you find
a random variabl
e?
Thank you!

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