“To Jesus, through Mary”

St. Louis de Montfort Academy

P.D. Monfort North, Dumangas, Iloilo
Telephone Nos.: (033) 323-0154 / 527-8072
www.montfort.edu.ph

LEARNING MODULE
GENERAL MATHEMATICS 11
Quarter 1 / W1-W3
Functions

Name: ___________________________________________ Date: ______________________

Grade and Section: _________________________________ Score: _____________________

JOELA B. BELA- ONG

Math Teacher
0910-215-0802
joelabretana@gmail.com
Module 1: Functions

Lesson 1-2 - Functions and Rational Functions

Introduction:

Function is defined as “a relation in which each element of the domain corresponds to exactly
one element of the range.”Functions relate an input to an output. It is defined as a relationship
between two sets that associates each element of the first set to one and only one element in the
second set. Evaluating functions can be used as a tool to determine if a function is odd or even and in
the operations of functions means to create a new function.

A rational function is defined as ‘”a function that is the ratio of two polynomials.” It is an
equation that contains one or more fractional expressions.

In lesson 1, you will learn about the concepts of functions. You will evaluate functions in
different steps of evaluating mathematical functions and perform operations of functions with its
principles of adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing functions. In lesson 2, you will learn about
the concepts of rational functions and its graph.

Learning Competency
 evaluates a function

Lesson Objectives:

At the end of the lesson, the eleventh graders are able to:

 represent real- life situations using functions

 solve problems involving functions
 perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and composition of functions
 determine the inverse of a function
 find the domain and range of an inverse function and graph
 distinguish rational function, rational equation and rational inequality
 graph rational equation
 Pre- Assessment

Let’s find out how much you already know about Functions. Answer the exercise below.

Exercise 1: Choose on the letter that you think best answers the question. Encircle the letter
that you think the best answer. Take note of the items that you were not able to correctly answer and
look for the right answer as you go through this module.

1. A set of ordered pairs, domain and range.

a. function b. relation c. rational d. equation

2. A function defined by multiple of sub functions.

a. piece-wise b. rational c. composite d. irrational

3. A relation in which each element of the domain corresponds to exactly one element of the range.
a. compound b. composite c. function d. rational

4. A relation reversing the process performed by any function f(x).

a. rational b. irrational c. composite d. inverse

5. It is an apparent solution that does not solve its equation.

a. extraneous solution b. zero solution c. empty solution d. defined solution

6. It is composed of rational expressions combined with a ≤, ≥, <, or > sign.

a. rational inequality b. rational equality c. irrational inequality d. irrational equality

7. A straight line associated with a curve such that as a point moves along an infinite branch of the
curve.
a. relation b. parabola c. asymptote d. linear

8. It is the x- coordinates of the point where the graph crosses the x- axis.
a. x- intercept b. y- intercept c. intercept d. ordered pairs

9. The graph of the quadratic function.

a. straight b. parabola c. diagonal d. none of the above

10. It is called the members of the domain.

a. output b. input c. relation d. intercept
 EXPLORE

Let us start the module by doing the Entry Card. As you go through this part, keep on
thinking about this question: How important are functions?

Activity 1:
A. Determine whether or not each relation is a function. Put a check (/) on the space that corresponds
your answer.
Relation Function Not a Function
1. {(1, 2), (2, 5), (3, 10), (4, 17)}
2. Input Output
1 2
2 4
3 6
3. x2 + y2 – 4 = 0
4. y

5. y

B. Find the value of expression and write it in the square.

Let n = 15 (2n – 11)

n
n2 + 20
5

n
n 3
(n – 5)2

3n + 3 (30 – 4n)

n+7
11
C. Perform the indicated operations.

1. (4x + 3) + (3x – 2) 2. (2x2 – 3x – 2) – (4x2 + 5x + 3) 3. (2x – 3) (x + 4)

D. For each operation in the first column, record the inverse operation in the second column.
Operation Inverse
1. Add 8
2. Subtract 10
3. Multiply by 5
4. Divide by 6

E. Complete the table.

A b a●b
5
12
3x
10a
12m

F. Put a check (/) mark in the column whether the statement is true or false.
True False
1. Every of a polynomial function is either a constant, a variable,
or a product of constant and variables.
1
2. The domain of the function f(x) = is the set of real
x
numbers.
3. The graph of a rational function is a parabola.
4. A rational function is formed by dividing one polynomial
function by another polynomial function.

G. Graph each function if x = -2, -1, 0, 1, 2.

Function Graph
1. f(x) = 2

2. f(x) = 2x + 5

3. f(x) = x2 + 2
 ELICITING PRIOR KNOWLEDGE THROUGH I-R-F CHART

In the previous activity, you were asked to think about different concepts of
functions. How important are functions?

What are your initial answers to this question?

Summarize your answers to the question, and your thoughts and ideas in the first
column (Initial) of the IRF Chart.

How important are functions?

Initial Revised Final

On your own, you tried to do different activities about functions. Let’s find out how to
represent, evaluate, perform operations and graphs of functions by doing the next part.
 FIRM- UP

You just tried doing simple activities on functions. You gave your initial idea on how
functions used in different aspects. Your goal in this section is to enhance your learning and
understanding of key concepts about functions.

Activity 2:
Determine whether or not each relation is a function. Give the domain and range of each relation.
Write function or not a function in the first line and domain and range on the second line.

1. {(2, 3), (4, 5), (6, 6)} _________________________ ______________________________

2. {(4, 5), (4, 6), (5, 5), (5, 6)} __________________________ ______________________________

3. {(-2, -2), (-1, -1), (0, 0), (1, 1)} _______________________ ______________________________

4. {(-6, -6), (-4, -4), (-2, -2), (0, 0)} ______________________ ______________________________

5. {(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3)} ________________________ ______________________________

Activity 3:
Determine whether or not each equation define y as a function of x. Write function or not a function
on the line.

1. x + y = 9 _____________________ 4. x2 + y2 = 9 ______________________

2. x + y3 = 8 _____________________ 5. 2x = y2 ______________________

3. x2 + y = 16 _____________________ 6. y = √ x+ 2 ______________________

Activity 4:
Evaluate each function at the indicated values of the independent variables and simplify the result.

1. f(x) = 9 – 6x

a. f(-1) b. f(1) c. f(-3 + x)

 2. g(x) = x2 – 4x

a. g(2) b. g(a + b) c. g(2 - x)

I xI
3. h(x) =
x

1
a. h(2) b. h( ) c. h(a – 1)
2

Activity 5:
Determine whether or not each function is even or odd. Write odd or even on the line.

1. g(x) = 2x6 + 4x2 __________________ 4. h(x) = 3x3 – 4x5 ____________________

2. g(x) = 3x2 – x4 + 1 __________________ 5. h(x) = x4 – x2 ____________________

3. g(x) = 2x4 + 3x3 + 1 __________________

Activity 6:

f
Find f + g, f – g, fg and .
g

1. f(x) = 3x + 4, g(x) = 2x – 1 2. f(x) = 2X – 5, g(Xx) = 4x2

f+g f+g

f–g f–g

fg fg

f f
g g
 Activity 7:
Find the inverse of each function.

1. f = {(4, 5), (-1, 4), (0, 1)_____________________ 4. f(x) = 4x – 6 _____________________

2. f = {(5, 5), (1, 1), (-3, 7)_____________________ 5. f(x) = 2x – 4 _____________________

3. f = {(0, -1), (2, 5), (-5, 1) _____________________ 6. f(x) = x

______________________

Process Questions:
1. How do we determine if the relation represents a function?

___________________________________________________________________________
2. How do we find the domain of a function?

___________________________________________________________________________
3. How do you determine if the function is even, odd or neither?

___________________________________________________________________________
4. How do we perform the basic operations with functions?

___________________________________________________________________________
5. What do we mean by the inverse function?

___________________________________________________________________________
6. What number is equal to its reciprocal?

___________________________________________________________________________

Activity 8:
Solve each inequality.

1 x+12
1. >2 2. ≥2
x x+2
Activity 9:
Identify which of the following are rational functions. Put a check (/) mark on the line.

1
x +3 2
1. f(x) = ________ 4. f(x) = 3 x +2 x __________
4+ x 2
x +3 x +2

x2 −5 x +6 1
2. g(x) = ________ 5. g(x) = 2 __________
x−2 x +1

√ x +1 9 x2 +6 x +1
3. h(x) = 2 ________ 6. h(x) = __________
x −1 3 x+ 1

Activity 10:
For each of the following rational functions, find the zeros of the function and location
of vertical asymptotes and holes.
Rational Functions Zeros of the function Location of vertical asymptotes and holes
x−5
1. y =
x+ 2
2. y =
( x−4 ) (x+2)
( x−3 ) (x−1)
3. y =
3 x−9
x2 – x−6
x−1
4. y = 2
x −4
x2 −4
5. y =
x

Activity 11:
Identify the (a) x- intercepts, (b) the horizontal asymptotes and (c) the vertical
asymptotes of the graph of the function.
x- intercepts Horizontal asymptote Vertical asymptote
3
1. y = + 4
x
x+ 1
2. y =
x−3
3 x +2
3. y =
2 x +1
15 x−3
4. y =
18 x +6
−1
5. y = -1
x+ 4

Activity 12:
 Graph the function.
7
y=
x

Process Questions:

1. Describe the important features of a rational function.

___________________________________________________________________________

n(x )
2. Given the rational function f(x) = , what information can be determined by
d ( x)
investigating (a) n(x)? (b) d(x)?

___________________________________________________________________________
3. How to find the x- intercepts and the vertical asymptotes of the graph of the function?

Go back to the focus question How important are functions?

What are now your revised answers to this question?

Summarize your answers to the question, and your thoughts and ideas in the
second column (Revised) of the IRF Chart. Compare your new ideas with your initial
ideas.

How important are functions?

Initial Revised Final

 End of Firm- Up
In this section, the discussion was about functions. You also learned the basic concepts about
functions and this experience gives you an idea about representing, evaluating and processing
information to help you solve real life problems.

Deepen

Your goal in this section is to take a closer look on how the concepts of functions can
be used as a tool for processing information to address some problems in real- life situation.

Activity 13:
Tell whether the function described in each of the following is a linear function, a
constant function, an identity function, an absolute value function or a piecewise function.

1. f(x) = 3x – 7 _______________________ 4. f(x) = 9 -3(x + 2) _____________________

2. g(x) = 12 _______________________ 5. f(x) = {3, if x > -5 _____________________

{-6, if x < -5
3. h(x) = 5x _______________________

6. 7. 8.

Activity 14:
Determine whether each function is one- to – one function or not. Write yes or no.

1 1
1. f(x) = x + 2 ____________ 4. f(x) = = ___________
2 2

2. g(x) = 3x + 7 ____________ 5. g(x) = x3 + 1 ___________

3. h(x) = -8x + 2 ____________ 6. h(x) = x6 – 1 ___________

7. 8. 9. 10.

Activity 15:
Find (f ◦ g)(x), (g ◦ f)(x), and (f ◦ g)(3).

(f ◦ g)(x) (g ◦ f)(x) (f ◦ g)(3)

1. f(x) = 2x
g(x) = x + 5

2. f(x) = 4x
g(x) = x - 3

3. f(x) = 2x + 1
g(x) =3 x - 2
 Activity 16:
Show that f and g are inverse functions of each other by showing that f ◦ g = g ◦ f.

x f(x) = x – 3 g(x) = 3 + x f(x) = x + 2 g(x) = x – 2

f(x) = 3x g(x) =
3

Activity 17: Solve the following problems related to functions.

A. You plan to sell cupcakes to raise funds. A bakery charges you P15.00 for the first 100
cupcakes. After the first 100 cupcakes you purchase up to 150 cupcakes, the bakery will
lower the price to P13.50 per cupcake. After you purchase 150 cupcakes, the price will
decrease to P10.00 per cupcake. Write a function models this situation.
 9
B. Celsius © and Fahrenhiet (F) temperatures are related by F = C + 32. What is the
5
Celsius temperature when the Fahrenheit temperature is -40 °?

STRENGTHENING NEW KNOWLEDGE THROUGH I-R-F CHART

The focus question for this lesson is: How important are functions?

What are your final answers to this question? Your answers should reflect your wider
understanding of functions.
Summarize your answers to the question, and your thoughts and ideas in the third column (Final)
of the IRF Chart. Compare your new ideas with your previous ideas.

How important are functions?

Initial Revised Final

End of Deepen
In this section, the discussion was about functions as a tool for processing information and
illustrating the use of this tool in addressing real- life problems. What new realization do you have
about the topic? What new connections have you made for yourself?
Now that you have a deeper understanding of the lesson, you are ready to do the task in the
next section.

Your knowledge of the different aspects of functions prepares you for a more
challenging task of exploring functions in the next lessons of this module. The use of graph is a big
help in evaluating functions that are needed to solve some real- life problems.
Post Assessment:
It’s now time to evaluate your learning.

A. Answer the following:

1. For which values of k is the set of ordered pairs { (2,4) , (k,6) , (4,k) } a function?
Explain your answer.

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

2. Which of the following letters will pass the vertical line test? Do the vertical lines test.

V W X Y Z
B. Evaluate the following functions as x = 4.

8 x +3
1. f ( x )=3 x 2 +12 2. f ( x )=12 x+ 5 3. f ( x )=
5
C. Perform the following operations.

Find the following when f ( x )=x 2 +9and g ( x )=12 x−12,

1. f ( x ) + g(x )
2. f ( x )−g (x)
3. ( f ( x ) )( g ( x ) )
g ( x)
4.
f (x )
5. (x) ∘ g( x )
f

At the end of this module, I have developed the LOUISIAN CORE VALUES:
 Loving
 Organized
 Understanding
 Independent
 Sensible
 Innovative
 Appreciative
 Nature- Protector
 Service Oriented