Task 5 SEE HOW THE STORY BUILDS UP AND

ENDS WELL
From four (4) small groups and prepare a simple plot
analysis of the story, highlighting the symbols that
suggests meaning. Present your plot analysis using
a plot diagram or a story mountain as shown below.
Identify each part of the plot and compare your plot
analysis with those of other groups. Form a
generalization afterward.
Task 6 LET’S BUILD A FIRE
Try to recall ideas associated with the picture
presented in Task 4 before the start of the lesson
and from the story, “To Build a Fire.” Then complete
the graphic organizer in the next page to compare
and contrast them. Write the ideas common to both
the story and the picture inside the box in the fire
and the contrasting ideas on the logs.
YOUR DISCOVERY TASKS
Task 7 SMALL GROUP DISCUSSION ACTIVITIES
Form five (5) groups. Discuss and relate the social
conditions during that time to show how the story
was written. Identify the possible reasons why the
author wrote the story by doing the following
activities:

Group 1: Prepare a timeline showing realism

and Naturalism as literary periods in the 19th
to 20th centuries. Give particular events that
led to these historical phenomena.

Group 2: Explain the following illustration about

Social Darwinism:
 Group 3: Go back in time and check
whether there were situations similar to
what’s happening now in our society. Then do
a short documentary report about this.
Highlight the important events/periods.

Group 4: Make a connection between the story

and what’s happening now in our country by
composing a rap song. Make it short but
meaningful.

Group 5: Imagine that you are in a time

machine. Compare and contrast what will
happen in the future if the problems we are
experiencing now will prevail or change.
Prepare a simple illustration on manila paper
Task 8 ISANG BANSA, ISANG
BANDILA (One Flag, One Nation)

Watch a news report on current social

conditions prevailing in the country
today (e.g., corruption, poverty,
economic crisis, etc.) Be ready to
present them in class. You may post
some pictures, cite an international
news article, or interview people in
positions of authority. Highlight the
cause and effect of each problem.
Task 9 YESTERDAY, TODAY, AND
TOMORROW

Write a news article comparing the

environmental and social conditions of
the country in the past and at present.
You may also add your prediction on
what will happen in the future if these
conditions will continue. Add personal
views and comments from prominent
people but don’t forget to acknowledge
sources and use in-text citations.
Acknowledge sources by preparing a
How to Write a Bibliography
These guidelines follow the American
Psychological Association (APA) Style
and may be slightly different from what
you are used to. But we will follow APA
Stylr for consistency.

Notice the use of punctuations.

Publication titles may be either
italicized or underlined, but not both.
Books
Books are the bibliography format with which
you are probably most familiar. Books follow
this pattern:

Author Last Name, Author’s Initial of First

Name. (Publication Year) Title.
Publisher’s City: Publisher. Page numbers.
Alexander, Carol. (2001) Market Models: A
Guide to Financial Data
Analysis. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
Pp. 200-220.
Periodicals
Periodicals remove the publisher city and
name and add the title of the article and the
volume or issue number of the periodical. Notice
that article are put in quotation marks and only
the publication title is italicized or underlined.

Author Last Name, Athor First Name.

(Publication Date---could be more than a year)
“Article Title.” Publication Title, Vol. #. (Issue #),
Page numbers.
Salman, William A. (July-August 1997) “How to
Write a Great Business Plan.” Harvard Business
Review 74. pp. 98-108.
Web version of printed material
The format for online versions of print
publications should basically follow the same
format as above, meaning if you’re referencing an
online book, you should follow the book format
with the addition of the retrieval statement. If
you’re referencing an online periodical, you should
follow the periodical format with the addition of
the retrieval statement.
Note that you should not break the Internet
address of the link, even if it requires its own line.
Very long URL’s, such as those that occur when
using an online database, can be shortened by
removing the retrieval code. (The retrieval code
usually consists of a long string unintelligible
letters and numbers following the end point “htm”
Author. (Date of Internet Publication---
could be more than a year )
“Document Title.” Title of Publication.
Retrieve on: Date from Full Web
Address, starting with http://

Grant, Linda. (January 13, 1997) “Can

Fisher Focus Kodak?” Fortune. Retrieve
on August 22, 1997
How to cite Sources in the Text
In-text citations alert readers to cited material
and tell them exactly where to go and look.
These citations work in conjunction with a
bibliography.
• Usually, an in-text citation is a combination
of a name (usually the author’s) and a
number (either a year, a page number, or
both).
• For Internet sources, use the original
publication date, not your retrieval date.
• Internet sources also do not have page
numbers, so use your discretion in the
format that will dirsct the reader closest to
the relevant section. Tou can number the
 • If there is no author listed, the
document’s title should be used in a
place of the author’s name. Use the
entire title but not the subtitle.
Subtitles are anything appearing
after a colon (:)
http://tippie.uiowa.edu/accounting/writi
ng/bibliography.cmf#write
Task 10 ON WRITING A BIBLIOGRAPHY
Try your hand at this simple activity
MAKING BIBLIOGRAPHY ENTRIES
Prepare a bibliography for the following
references:
1. Imagine you have written an essay. You have
used information from a book. The author is
John Smith and he wrote it in 2003. The title
of the book is English for Everybody. It was
published in Bangkok by Lotus Press.
2. A book published in 2002 in New York The
title is Happy Happy. Publisher is Zippie
Publications. You don’t know the author.
3. Magazine article by Susan Johnson in Style
for Everyone magazine. Name of the article is
Bangkok: The Fashion Capital of the World. It
 4. Website. Article by James Hiho and Judy
Blume. The address is http//123456. The
article is called Thai Students Are the Best.
The name of the website is Teach in
Thailand. You saw the article on Jan. 2, 2005.
It was put on the internet on Dec. 26, 2004.
[Hint: Look at Book with 2 Authors to see
how to do something written by 2 people].
5. You heard a lecture by Mickey Mouse at
Disney University. It was in Donald Duck Hall
on 12 Dec. 2004. The title of the lecture was
Just Call Me Mickey.
Next you would alphabetize the list. Please put
#1 for the entry that goes first, #2 for the next
entry, etc.
Structures of Modification
Structural grammar is particularly useful
for indicating structures of modification.
Modification is the grammatical tie that
exists, for example, between an adjective
and its noun, or a verb and its adverb.
In analyzing structures of modification. It is
sometimes useful to talk about the “head” of
a construction. The head of a construction is
the single word the “gets modified,” the word
that could by itself stand for the whole
construction in the grammar of the sentence.
It is the word in the contsruction that all the
modifying element “depend on.”
 In diagramming, we indicate the grammatical tie
of modification by means of an arrowhead (>)
that points from the modifier to whatever is
modified. All of the arrowheads in a diagram of a
structure of modification point toward the head of
the construction. Here are some examples.
SINGLE-WORD
MODIFIERS
 Notice the difference in the first two
examples between adjective in a series
(tall red) and coordinate adjectives (big,
black). There is a subtle shade of
difference in the meaning. One could be
talking about a barn that is (1) tall, and (2)
red, in which case there would be a comma
between tall and red to indicate the
structure of modification. Or, as in example
given, one could talking about a red barn
that is tall. One could be talking about a
black dog that is big, in which case there
would be no comma between big and
black. Or, as in the example given, one
 Notice in the third example the
diagram indicates that the adverb
recklessly modifies not just the verb flew,
but the whole predication. This makes
sense if we notice that the adverb is
movable. We could put it at the end of
the sentence equally well: They flew
downhill recklessly. If recklessly were
intended to modify only flew, it would be
put next to flew: They recklessly flew
downhill. The writer’s choice to put the
adverb at the beginning of the sentence
and to set it off with a comma is precisely
 PRESENTED BY:
JHANNA CAXANDRA L. MOENA
G10- COURAGE