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12B Three-Phase Circuit

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275 views28 pages

12B Three-Phase Circuit

Uploaded by

Hubert Semeniano
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EE2003

Circuit Theory
Chapter 12
Three-Phase Circuit

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or


display.

1
Three-Phase Circuits
Chapter 12

12.1 What is a Three-Phase Circuit?


12.2 Balance Three-Phase Voltages
12.3 Balance Three-Phase Connection
12.4 Power in a Balanced System
12.5 Unbalanced Three-Phase Systems
12.6 Application – Residential Wiring

2
12.1 What is a Three-Phase Circuit?(1)

• It is a system produced by a generator consisting of


three sources having the same amplitude and
frequency but out of phase with each other by 120°.

Three sources
with 120° out
of phase
Four wired
system

3
12.1 What is a Three-Phase Circuit?(2)

Advantages:

1. Most of the electric power is generated and


distributed in three-phase.
2. The instantaneous power in a three-phase system
can be constant.
3. The amount of power, the three-phase system is
more economical that the single-phase.
4. In fact, the amount of wire required for a three-
phase system is less than that required for an
equivalent single-phase system.

4
12.2 Balance Three-Phase Voltages (1)

• A three-phase generator consists of a rotating


magnet (rotor) surrounded by a stationary
winding (stator).

A three-phase generator The generated voltages


5
12.2 Balance Three-Phase Voltages (2)

• Two possible configurations:

Three-phase voltage sources: (a) Y-connected ; (b) Δ-connected

6
12.2 Balance Three-Phase Voltages (3)

• Balanced phase voltages are equal in


magnitude and are out of phase with each other
by 120°.

• The phase sequence is the time order in which


the voltages pass through their respective
maximum values.

• A balanced load is one in which the phase


impedances are equal in magnitude and in phase

7
12.2 Balance Three-Phase Voltages (4)

Example 1

Determine the phase sequence of the


set of voltages.

van  200 cos(t  10)


vbn  200 cos(t  230)
vcn  200 cos(t  110 )

8
12.2 Balance Three-Phase Voltages (5)
Solution:
The voltages can be expressed in phasor form
as
Van  20010 V
Vbn  200  230 V
Vcn  200  110  V

We notice that Van leads Vcn by 120° and Vcn in


turn leads Vbn by 120°.
Hence, we have an acb sequence.
9
12.3 Balance Three-Phase Connection (1)

• Four possible connections

1. Y-Y connection (Y-connected source


with a Y-connected load)

2. Y-Δ connection (Y-connected source


with a Δ-connected load)

3. Δ-Δ connection

4. Δ-Y connection
10
11
12.3 Balance Three-Phase Connection (2)

•A balanced Y-Y system is a three-phase system with a


balanced y-connected source and a balanced y-connected
load.

VL  3V p , where
V p  Van  Vbn  Vcn
VL  Vab  Vbc  Vca

12
12.3 Balance Three-Phase Connection (3)

Example 2
Calculate the line currents in the three-wire Y-Y
system shown below:

Ans
I a  6.81  21.8 A
Ib  6.81  141.8 A
I c  6.8198.2 A

13
*Refer to in-class illustration, textbook
12.3 Balance Three-Phase Connection (4)

•A balanced Y-Δ system is a three-phase system with a


balanced y-connected source and a balanced Δ-connected
load.

I L  3I p , where
I L  I a  Ib  I c
I p  I AB  I BC  ICA

14
12.3 Balance Three-Phase Connection (5)
Example 3
A balanced abc-sequence Y-connected source with
Van  100(10 ) is connected to a Δ-connected
load (8+j4) per phase. Calculate the phase and line
currents.

15
*Refer to in-class illustration, textbook
16
17
12.3 Balance Three-Phase Connection (6)

•A balanced Δ-Δ system is a three-phase system with a


balanced Δ -connected source and a balanced Δ -connected
load.

18
12.3 Balance Three-Phase Connection (7)
Example 4
A balanced Δ-connected load having an impedance 20-
j15  is connected to a Δ-connected positive-sequence
generator having ( Vab  3300 V ). Calculate the phase
currents of the load and the line currents.

Ans:

The phase currents

I AB  13.236.87 A; I BC  13.2  81.13 A; I AB  13.2156.87 A

The line currents


I a  22.866.87 A; I b  22.86  113.13 A; I c  22.86126.87 A

19
*Refer to in-class illustration, textbook
12.3 Balance Three-Phase Connection (8)

•A balanced Δ-Y system is a three-phase system with a


balanced y-connected source and a balanced y-connected
load.

20
12.3 Balance Three-Phase Connection (9)

Example 5
A balanced Y-connected load with a phase impedance
40+j25  is supplied by a balanced, positive-sequence
Δ-connected source with a line voltage of 210V.
Calculate the phase currents. Use Vab as reference.

Answer
I AN  2.57  62 A;
The phase currents I BN  2.57  178 A;
I CN  2.5758 A;

*Refer to in-class illustration, textbook 21


22
12.4 Power in a Balanced System (1)
•Comparing the power loss in (a) a single-phase system,
and (b) a three-phase system

PL2 PL2
P 'loss  2 R 2 , single - phase P'loss  R' 2 , three - phase
VL VL

•If same power loss is tolerated in both system, three-phase


system use only 75% of materials of a single-phase system
23
12.5 Unbalanced Three-Phase Systems (1)
•An unbalanced system is due to unbalanced voltage
sources or an unbalanced load.

VAN V V
Ia  , I b  BN , I c  CN ,
ZA ZB ZC

I n  (I a  I b  I c )

•To calculate power in an unbalanced three-phase system


requires that we find the power in each phase.
•The total power is not simply three times the power in one phase
24
but the sum of the powers in the three phases.
12.3 Unbalanced Three-Phase Systems (2)

Example 6
Determine the total average power, reactive power, and
complex power at the source and at the load

Ans
At the source:
Ss = -(2087 + j834.6) VA
Pa = -2087W
Pr = -834.6VAR

At the load:
SL = (1392 + j1113) VA
Pa = 1392W
25
*Refer to in-class illustration, textbook Pr = 1113VAR
12.6 Application – Residential Wiring (1)

A 120/240 household power system


26
12.6 Application – Residential Wiring (2)

Single-phase three-wire residential wiring

27
12.6 Application – Residential Wiring (3)

A typical wiring diagram of a room


28

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