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Three Phase System

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28 views20 pages

Three Phase System

Uploaded by

abdulahad.cse1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Three-Phase System

12.1 What is a Three-Phase Circuit?


12.2 Balance Three-Phase Voltages
12.3 Balance Three-Phase Connection
12.4 Power in a Balanced System
12.5 Unbalanced Three-Phase Systems
12.6 Application – Residential Wiring

1
12.1 What is a Three-Phase Circuit?(1)

• It is a system produced by a generator consisting of


three sources having the same amplitude and
frequency but out of phase with each other by 120°.

Three sources
with 120° out
of phase
Four wired
system

2
12.1 What is a Three-Phase Circuit?(2)

Advantages:

1. Most of the electric power is generated and


distributed in three-phase.
2. The instantaneous power in a three-phase system
can be constant.
3. The amount of power, the three-phase system is
more economical that the single-phase.
4. In fact, the amount of wire required for a three-
phase system is less than that required for an
equivalent single-phase system.

3
12.2 Balance Three-Phase Voltages (1)

• A three-phase generator consists of a rotating


magnet (rotor) surrounded by a stationary
winding (stator).

A three-phase generator The generated voltages


4
12.2 Balance Three-Phase Voltages (2)

• Two possible configurations:

Three-phase voltage sources: (a) Y-connected ; (b) Δ-connected

5
12.2 Balance Three-Phase Voltages (3)

• Balanced phase voltages are equal in


magnitude and are out of phase with each other
by 120°.

• The phase sequence is the time order in which


the voltages pass through their respective
maximum values.

• A balanced load is one in which the phase


impedances are equal in magnitude and in phase

6
7
8
12.2 Balance Three-Phase Voltages (4)

Example 1

Determine the phase sequence of the


set of voltages.

van  200 cos(t  10)


vbn  200 cos(t  230)
vcn  200 cos(t  110)

9
12.2 Balance Three-Phase Voltages (5)
Solution:
The voltages can be expressed in phasor form
as
Van  20010 V
Vbn  200  230 V
Vcn  200  110 V

We notice that Van leads Vcn by 120° and Vcn in


turn leads Vbn by 120°.
Hence, we have an acb sequence.
10
11
12.3 Balance Three-Phase Connection (1)

• Four possible connections

1. Y-Y connection (Y-connected source


with a Y-connected load)

2. Y-Δ connection (Y-connected source


with a Δ-connected load)

3. Δ-Δ connection

4. Δ-Y connection
12
12.3 Balance Three-Phase Connection (2)

• A balanced Y-Y system is a three-phase system with a


balanced y-connected source and a balanced y-connected
load.

VL  3V p , where
V p  Van  Vbn  Vcn
VL  Vab  Vbc  Vca

13
12.3 Balance Three-Phase Connection (3)

Example 2
Calculate the line currents in the three-wire Y-Y
system shown below:

Ans
I a  6.81  21.8 A
Ib  6.81  141.8 A
I c  6.8198.2 A

14
*Refer to in-class illustration, textbook
15
12.3 Balance Three-Phase Connection (4)

• A balanced Y-Δ system is a three-phase system with a


balanced y-connected source and a balanced Δ-connected
load.
I L  3I p , where
I L  I a  Ib  Ic
I p  I AB  I BC  ICA

16
12.3 Balance Three-Phase Connection (5)
Example 3
A balanced abc-sequence Y-connected source with
( Van  10010 ) is connected to a Δ-connected load
(8+j4) per phase. Calculate the phase and line
currents.

Solution

Using single-phase analysis,

Van 10010
Ia    33.54  16.57 A
Z  / 3 2.98126.57
Other line currents are obtained using the abc phase
sequence
17
*Refer to in-class illustration, textbook
12.3 Balance Three-Phase Connection (6)

• A balanced Δ-Δ system is a three-phase system with a


balanced Δ -connected source and a balanced Δ -connected
load.

18
12.3 Balance Three-Phase Connection (7)
Example 4
A balanced Δ-connected load having an impedance 20-
j15  is connected to a Δ-connected positive-sequence
generator having ( Vab  3300 V ). Calculate the phase
currents of the load and the line currents.

Ans:

The phase currents

I AB  13.236.87 A; I BC  13.2  81.13 A; I AB  13.2156.87 A

The line currents


I a  22.866.87 A; Ib  22.86  113.13 A; I c  22.86126.87 A

19
*Refer to in-class illustration, textbook
12.3 Balance Three-Phase Connection (8)

• A balanced Δ-Y system is a three-phase system with a


balanced y-connected source and a balanced y-connected
load.

20

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